Background: The external jugular vein is formed by the union of posterior division of retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein. Variant drainage of the venous system is common and has been discussed at length in ...

Background: Variations in the origin, course, and transverse foramina entry of the left vertebral artery(LVA) are well documented in literature. The LVA usually originates from the left subclavian artery and courses through ...