Purpose: Selective targeting of different subtypes of dopamine receptors is a strategy for fighting many neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and drug addiction. It has been shown that simultaneous targeting ...

Purpose: Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) has many neuromodulatory effects throughout the brain, however, treatment using this peptide induces unwanted peripheral side-effects. Based on our novel prodrug design that ...

Analysis of Acetylcholine in Cerebrospinal Fluids by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Samantha M. Brewer, Vien Nguyen, Katalin Prokai-Tatrai and Laszlo Prokai Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, ...

Purpose: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) historically has been detected with brain imaging scans by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) and by measurement of protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid ...

PURPOSE: Advancing age increases women’s susceptibility to stroke compared to men, especially after the menopausal transition. Among the reasons proposed for high stroke incidence in postmenopausal women is a significant ...

Background Primary intracranial germinoma is a rare lesion which accounts for approximately 0.5–2% of all central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Generally, this neoplasm occurs in the midline structures with the majority ...

Purpose Salt loading (SL) increases intracellular chloride concentration [Cl]i, impairing GABAA inhibition of arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of hypothalamus. But the regulatory mechanisms ...

Purpose: Even though astrocytes are restrictively infected with HIV-1, they are capable of producing neurotoxic viral proteins and proinflammatory mediators. This can significantly aggravate the pathogenesis of HIV-associated ...

Purpose: Insulin can improve memory by enhancing the intrinsic excitability of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons during memory consolidation. Chronic high-fat diet (HFD), however, can significantly impair spatial memory ...

Purpose Primary astrocyte cultures have been extensively used for characterization of astrocytes functions in physiological and pathological conditions. The current primary astrocytes are mostly maintained in fetal bovine ...