Rehabilitative Sciences
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12503/21640
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Browsing Rehabilitative Sciences by Author "Miller, Haylie"
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Item The Effect of Exercise Programs on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Review of Current Literature(2019-03-05) Rohani, Carmel; Bow, Emily; Miller, Haylie; Mobley, RachaelPurpose Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by challenges with social skills and delays in motor skills (Bremer, Balogh, & Lloyd, 2014; Caçola et al., 2019). Children with ASD tend to have a greater need for therapy compared with other children with special healthcare needs, but accessing services can be expensive, time-consuming, and difficult (Benevides, 2015). It is important for families to have motor intervention options without barriers of financial resources, transportation, or access. A home exercise program, for example, could be completed with the family at convenient times in a familiar environment. This approach may increase the likelihood of intervention adherence, allowing children with ASD to improve their motor skills without experiencing many of the common barriers to care. Our objective is to identify trends and gaps in literature regarding exercise programs for children with ASD, and to determine the most beneficial exercises to improve motor skills in ASD. Methods We completed a literature search using a combination of terms with Boolean operators including: (autistic disorder OR autistic OR autism OR Asperger’s OR ASD OR pervasive developmental disorder) AND (motor intervention OR movement intervention OR movement therapy OR motor therapy OR exercise OR physical therapy OR PT OR HEP OR home exercise program). We limited our search to articles published in English within the last ten years. Three independent reviewers screened the articles to determine relevance. Results The search yielded 609 results, of which 20 empirical articles and 3 systematic reviews were relevant to the effects of exercise on ASD. Preliminary results show an emphasis on cognitive and behavioral effects of exercise, rather than motor benefits. Additionally, the majority of exercise programs were school-based; few included parent involvement in the exercise program. Conclusion The existing body of work suggests that exercise has significant benefits regarding behavior, cognitive function, and motor skills. However, there is a lack of research validating home exercise programs and parent involvement in exercise for children with ASD. We plan to identify a set of targeted, age-appropriate exercises and create a home exercise program for children with ASD designed to improve motor skills. This approach may be of greater value to the community than clinic or school-based motor interventions, given the commonly-reported barriers to care experienced by families.Item Treatment of hyperbaric oxygen combine with cannabidiol promote recovery of brain damage in newborn rats with hypoxia-ischemia(2019-03-05) Miller, Haylie; Quan, LijuanObjective: Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy is a severe disease seen commonly in clinical settings. However, there is a limited body of work on effective therapies to repair HI brain damage. To test the potential neuroprotective effects of cannabidiol (CBD) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatments against HI brain damage, we carried out series of experiments on newborn rats with brain damage induced by HI. Methods: We included 7-day-old newborn rats in this study. After creating the HI model, rats were grouped into an untreated HI model group, an HI+HBO-treated group, an HI+CBD-treated group, HI+HBO+CBD-treated group, and a sham control group. After one week of treatment, a subset of pups completed a T-maze task, and we collected CSF to measure the concentration of NSE and S100 β protein. Afterwards, the pups were sacrificed and we measured the concentration of MDA, SOD, TNF-a and IL-β and expression level of TNF-a and NSE in hippocampal tissue. The remaining pups completed the radial arm maze and foot fault test. Results: Two weeks after HI (P22), pups showed reduced correct responses to retraction in the T-maze test, and P30 pups with HI needed more time to visit 3 baited arms. The number of errors increased in the radial arm maze, and number of foot-faults also increased in the foot-fault test. Along with loss of brain weight, concentration of SOD was reduced and MDA, TNF-a, and IL-β were increased in brain tissue. NSE and S100 β protein concentration increased in CSF, as well as the expression level of TNF-a and NSE. Pups that were treated with HBO, CBD, or HBO+CBD showed less brain weight loss and better performance on behavioral tests. They also had increased SOD and reduced MDA, TNF-a, and IL-β level of brain tissue, as well reduced NSE and S100 β protein in CSF. The expression level of TNF-a and NSE were also reduced. HBO+CBD treatment exhibited better therapeutic effect than HBO or CBD alone. Conclusions: The combination treatment of HBO+CBD on rat pups with HI-induced brain damage achieved better results in reducing brain damage and preserving neurobehavioral performance than HBO or CBD alone. This novel therapeutic may be an appropriate avenue for exploration in other models, given its neuroprotective potential. Keywords: hypoxia-ischemia; cannabidiol; hyperbaric oxygen; brain damage; combination treatment; neuroprotective