2024
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Browsing 2024 by Author "Alkhatib, Sarah"
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Item Effectiveness of AI Use in Qualitative Abstract Coding(2024-03-21) Alkhatib, Sarah; Jiwa, Nadiya; Judd, Dallin; Walters, ScottPurpose: As the field of qualitative research continues to evolve, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) methods into data analysis has garnered increasing attention. This research paper presents a comparative analysis that evaluates the effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages of utilizing AI methods for qualitative analysis of innovation characteristics of grant abstracts from the NIH RePORTER database, compared to traditional manual approaches. By comparing AI results to manual coding results, this project explores the potential transformative impact of AI on qualitative research. Methods: As part of the NIH HEAL initiative, researchers manually coded over 700 HEAL abstracts to examine innovation characteristics of grants funded. Survey questions included the type of study, study innovation, primary goals, and expected outputs. To explore whether these abstracts, when prompted in ChatGPT v4.0 would yield the same results as a human coder, we will input 100 of the 700 coded abstracts into ChatGPT, entering the same instructions given to the human coders. A comparative analysis will then assess and score the output in terms of detail, depth, relevance, and completeness of the responses. Results: We expect there to be no major differences between human and ChatGPT coding. This would suggest that AI can produce valid qualitative coding outcomes, potentially streamlining some research processes that involve abstracting themes from textual data and opening new possibilities for large-scale qualitative analysis. Conclusions: Ultimately, the findings of this study have the potential to shape the direction of qualitative research, offering valuable guidance to researchers and practitioners on the feasibility and reliability of integrating AI methods into their work. This research will contribute to the ongoing discourse on the role of AI in qualitative research and provide a foundation for future investigations in this rapidly evolving field.Item Exploring the Association Between Patient-Centered Communication and Awareness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: A Cross-sectional Study(2024-03-21) Akpan, Idara; Nhpang, Roi San; Webb, Nathaniel; Alkhatib, Sarah; Krenek, Brittany; Griner, Stacey; Thompson, ErikaPurpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is effective in preventing anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers, including genital warts. The HPV vaccine is approved for individuals aged 9-45 years old and creates the opportunity for healthcare providers to educate parents, caregivers, and patients on the benefits of the vaccine. Effective provider-patient interactions promote collaboration, increase self-efficacy, and support decision-making. This study aimed to assess the association between patient-centered communication and patient awareness of the HPV vaccine. We also examined sociodemographic factors associated with HPV vaccine awareness. Methods: The sample population included adults aged 18-45 (n=1384) from the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey (Cycle 6). The outcome variable was HPV vaccine awareness (yes/no), assessed by whether the respondent has ever heard of the cervical cancer vaccine or HPV shot. The primary predictor variable was patient-centered communication, and this was operationalized using the 7-item Patient-Centered Communication scale (PCC scale). The items assessed respondents’ experiences during their healthcare visits, such as the chance to ask questions, attention to their feelings, involvement in decision-making, time availability, clarity of information presented, comprehension of information, and help with uncertainty. The scale response options ranged from 1=Always to 4=Never. The association between patient-centered communication and HPV vaccine awareness was examined using weighted multivariable logistic regression, while controlling for age, sex, race, education attainment, marital status, health insurance status, and number of healthcare visits in the past 12 months. Results: The mean age of the sample population was 34.1 years (SD=7.2 years). Approximately 52.5% and 47.5% identified as women and men, respectively. Individuals identified as White non-Hispanic (56.2%), Black non-Hispanic (10.2%), Hispanic (19.6%), and Asian/Other non-Hispanic (14.0%). Approximately 40.4% of individuals had a college degree or higher, and 89.8% reported having health insurance coverage. Overall, 72.7% self-reported they had heard about the HPV vaccine. The PCC scale mean was 74.0 (range 0-100). Patient-centered communication was not statistically associated with HPV vaccine awareness. Compared to men, women had higher odds of HPV vaccine awareness (aOR=2.83; 95%CI=1.62-4.97). Individuals with some college (aOR=2.25; 95%CI=1.01-5.01) and college degree or higher (aOR=2.87; 95%CI=1.44-5.77) had higher odds of HPV vaccine awareness than those with less than a high school/12 years/high school diploma. Compared to individuals aged 18-26, individuals aged 27-45 had higher odds of HPV vaccine awareness (aOR=1.91; 95%CI=1.02-3.57). Black (aOR=0.24; 95%CI=0.12-0.49), Asian/Other (aOR=0.24; 95%CI=0.12-0.49), and Hispanic (aOR=0.36; 95%CI=0.21-0.59) individuals had lower odds of being aware of the HPV vaccine than whites. Conclusions: The absence of statistically significant relationship between patient-centered communication and HPV vaccine awareness underscores the need to investigate other factors that influence patient knowledge and decision-making regarding the HPV vaccine. Provider recommendation is one of the known strategies to address misconceptions and increase uptake of the HPV vaccine, particularly among populations who are at increased risk for HPV. However, individuals with limited or no access to healthcare may seek health information from other readily available sources. Exploring racial/ethnic disparities in HPV vaccine awareness is imperative, including identifying effective, evidence-based dissemination strategies that meet the information needs of diverse populations.