School of Public Health
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Browsing School of Public Health by Author "Bae, Sejong"
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Item Adult Women and Coronary Heart Disease: Studies on Surgical Procedures and Perception(2010-12-01) Schlorke, Patricia; Bae, Sejong; Biswas, Swati; Chen, OliveSchlorke, Patricia J., Adult Women and Coronary Heart Disease: Studies on Surgical Procedures and Perception. Doctor of Public Health (Biostatistics), December 2010, 124 pp., 12 tables, 3 figures, bibliography, 95 titles. Coronary heart disease (CHD) was the number one cause of death in the United States. The main CHD symptom was a heart attack. The most common form of a heart attack was chest pain and shortness of breath, which occurred in men. However, women did not usually have chest pain, but other symptoms such as abdominal pain or indigestion. This could lead women to perceive or believe that they would not have heart disease or heart attacks. This thought could lead women to not obtaining health care, such as surgical procedures, for CHD. Health professionals knew the signs and symptoms of CHD in men, but they may be uncertain in their diagnosis in women. This could lead to women not asking their health care professional about heart attacks or other symptoms. The purpose of this dissertation analyzed CHD in two areas in all women 18 years and older. These two areas were: (a) comparing hospital length of stay between men and women who had either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA); and (b) women’s perceptions about CHD. Data for the surgical procedures study came from the 2006 National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) and for the perception study came from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The results showed for the surgical procedures men and women had increased hospital days of care (DOC) for all surgical procedures. The results for the perception study showed women varied by age, race-ethnicity, education, income, and other factors in heart attack symptom knowledge. These two studies had the following conclusions. The results for increased hospital DOC had implications, such as increased health utilization, for present and future hospitalizations. The results for heart attack symptom knowledge showed a need for more awareness and communication of heart attack symptoms among all women across the United States.Item Association between Lung Cancer/Multiple Myeloma Mortality and Exposure to Oncogenic Viruses- Statistical Analysis Using Non-model and Model-based Statistical Methods and Various Control Sampling Schemes for Cancer Mortality in Occupational Cohorts(2009-12-01) Ndetan, Harrison; Bae, SejongNdetan, Harrison Tatandam, M.Sc., MPH. Association between Lung Cancer/Multiple Myeloma Mortality and Exposure to Oncogenic Viruses – Statistical Analysis Using Non-model- and Model-based Statistical Methods and Various Control Sampling Schemes for Cancer Mortality in Occupational Cohorts. Doctor of Public Health (Biostatistics), December 2009; 119 pp., 9 tables, 7 appendices, 38 titles. This study was designed to compare non-model- and model- based statistical techniques typically applied in cohort mortality analyses, and various schemes for selecting controls in nested case-control studies to document risk for lung cancer and multiple myeloma mortality, among workers in poultry slaughtering/processing plants. These workers are conceived to have a high exposure to oncogenic viruses compared to the general public. Data from the ongoing Cancer Risk in Workers Exposed to Oncogenic Viruses (CRIWETOV) project for members in a local Union Pension Fund belonging to the United Food & Commercial Workers (UFCW) international union, and followed–up for mortality from January 1, 1972 to December 31, 2003 were used for analyses. This cohort comprised of two large groups: poultry slaughtering/processing and non-poultry workers. The statistical methods applied were direct and indirect standardizations, Poisson, Cox proportional hazards, and binary/multiple logistic regression models and the sampling schemes for selecting controls were the cumulative survival, cumulative incidence, case-cohort, and incidence density sampling schemes. The entire cohort and sub groups of poultry and non-poultry separately had higher risks of mortality from both malignant diseases (statistically significant for lung cancer) compared to the United States’ general population, but slightly lower (statistically not significant) risks among poultry compared to non-poultry workers. Results of comparative effect measures from the various statistical methods under consideration were similar with a very slight difference in variability/precision within the cohort analyses. The effect measures were also similar for nested case-control analyses that applied the cumulative survival, cumulative incidence and case-base sampling schemes in selecting controls. However, the incidence density sampling scheme led to markedly different results (both in magnitude and statistical significance), that were more profound with the Cox regression model. Where the Cox model was not appropriate the interval Poisson (exponential) model was used and predictions were similar to those obtained using other methods.Item Autism: Association Between Autism and Parenting Stress(2009-12-01) Banini, Simon D.; Bae, SejongAutism is a developmental disorder, whose etiology is still an active research. Objectives of this study are to identify: risk factors of parenting stress; statistical tools for analysis and interpretations of data to ascertain and reinforce risk factors; and recommendations to mitigate parenting stress of autistic children. Data: National Survey of Children with Special Care Needs (NS-CSHCN), 2005-06. Analysis was performed on NS-CSHCN (n=40,723). Among parents with autistic children (n=2,123), the highest adjusted odds of stress were reported associated with primary language (OR= 9.44), insurance (OR=0.34), and Respite care (OR=3.71). Parents with non-autistic children (n=38,133) was the reference population with 467 missing values. Recommendations: Re-evaluation to improve provider language services especially for CSHCN; Family centered public health delivery rather than patient-provider interactive approach.Item Overweightness and Obesity as Risk Factors for Acanthosis Nigricans(2001-12-01) Wadley, Wendy Whittaker; Urrutia-Rojas, Ximena; Bae, Sejong; Bayona, ManuelWadley, Wendy Whittaker, Overweightness and Obesity as Risk Factors for Acanthosis Nigricans. Master of Public Health (Community Health), December, 2001, 42 pp., 6 tables, references, 54 titles. This study was a secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional study of 1,066 fifth grade students, who were screened for risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at Fort Worth Independent School District in Texas. Participants (ages 8 to 13) were 55.8% Hispanic, 23.6% African American, 16.1% Caucasian, and 4.5% other minorities. The study’s hypotheses were a) overweight or obese children (Body Mass Index [BMI] ≥85th percentile) were more likely to have acanthosis nigricans (AN) than non-overweight of non-obese children, b) obese children (BMI≥85th-94.9th percentile). Findings supported both hypotheses, overweight or obese children are 17 times (OR=17.24) more likely to have AN that non-overweight or non-obese children, and obese children were about four times (OR=3.88) more likely than overweight children to have AN.Item Periodontal Health and the Perception of Treatment Versus Actual Treatment Needs Based on NHANES 2003-2004(2009-05-01) Hinson, Amanda M.; Bae, SejongPeriodontal disease is a silent and neglected epidemic which is in the spotlight of health disparities of the US. The aim is to determine trends of periodontal disease and patients’ perceived need of periodontal treatment versus the reality of treatment needs based on NHANES 2003-2004 data. Datasets were merged, analyzed and reported utilizing demographic information, periodontal examination and oral health questionnaire. Non- Hispanic Whites have the highest frequencies of periodontal disease rather than the previously highest Non-Hispanic Blacks. Based on perception of treatment needs 35.62% believed they did not need treatment when clinical findings indicated a need for NSPT, whereas only 12.23% perceived they needed NSPT which coincided with clinical findings.Item Pilot Project Evaluation: Keep It Healthy - An Obesity-Prevention and Lifestyle-Modification Non-Profit Organization(2007-05-01) Bhatia, Shimona R.; Coggin, Claudia; Urrutia-Rojas, Ximena; Bae, SejongBhatia, Shimona R., Pilot Project Evaluation: Keep It Healthy- An Obesity Prevention and Lifestyle-Modification Non-Profit Organization. Master of Public Health (Community Health), May 2007, 120 pp., 3 tables, 5 illustrations, references, 66 titles. This study was a secondary data set analysis and pilot-project evaluation of the Keep It Healthy non-profit organization. The eighteen-week program, which twenty-one qualifying participants completed, included dietary counseling, physical activity groups and classes as well as nutritional education. Overall, there was a significant (p-value [less than] 0.05) increase in fruit and vegetable consumption per day. There was also an increase in the days per week and minutes per day spent engaging in various levels of physical activity. There was also a significant decrease of average weight (164.10 to 169.49 pounds) and average body mass index (BMI) (30.04 to 29.14) of the group over the eighteen-week program.Item The Utility of Exploratory Data Analysis Techniques in Analyzing Outcome Measurers Used in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Research(2005-12-01) Whitesell, Rebecca; Singh, Karan; Bae, Sejong; Cruser, des AngesWhitesell, Rebecca, The Utility of Exploratory Data Analysis Techniques in Analyzing Outcome Measures Used in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Research. Master of Public Health (Clinical Research), December 2005, 79 pp., 2 tables, 42 illustrations, references, 33 titles. The intent of this thesis project is to describe how Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM) researchers can use the theory of Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) to enhance their ability to analyze research findings. This was achieved by evaluating the most frequently used outcome measures in OMM research published since 1993, describing EDA and its relevance to the types of data used in OMM research, and illustrating the ways EDA can be used in two current OMM studies to gain insights into the data and to shape future research questions.Item Using Generalized Estimating Equations to Analyze Alcohol Consumption and Job Displacement among Older Workers(2010-05-01) Patel, Nita; Bae, SejongThe objectives of this dissertation were to compare differences in alcohol consumption among the older workers (aged 51 to 61 years) who have experienced job displacement compared to those who remain continuously employed. Generalized estimating equations were used to model this relationship using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study from 1992 to 2006. Approximately 39% of respondents had died during the study period. We analyzed four models. One model excluded data for deceased respondents. Another model retained data for deceased respondents. For the remaining two models, data was imputed using multiple imputation by chained equations. Data was imputed for only the predictors in one imputation, imputed for both the dependent variable and the predictors in the second imputation. All models were weighted and adjusted for key sociodemographic variables. The results of this study show that being continuously employed, compared to experiencing job displacement, has a protective effect on the onset of alcohol consumption. Older workers who were not displaced were less likely to report consuming alcohol compared to those who had been displaced. This finding remained statistical significant even after adjusting for key sociodemographic variables. Complete case analysis and observed sample models provided biased estimates (i.e. wider confidence intervals, smaller p values) compared to the two multiple imputation models. Our findings have important public health implications. Older workers are likely to have varied participation in the labor market. They are likely to be more experienced and hold senior or management positions, thereby earning higher wages. They may be at a higher risk of layoff during uncertain economic times, such as a recession. The effects of alcohol consumption among older individuals have been shown to be negative and particularly harmful, especially in terms of ethanol toxicity. Additional studies are needed to examine the health effects of late onset of drinking among older Americans.