General Medicine
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12503/21685
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Browsing General Medicine by Author "Hartos, Jessica"
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Item For general health, do COPD rates differ by ethnicity/race in women 50-85 years old?(2017-03-14) Syed, Midhat; Abdallahi, Dallah; Reynolds, Julia; Hartos, Jessica; Escamilla, AmairanyPurpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a diagnosis with increasingly significant public health and economic implications, but there is limited research exploring racial and ethnic differences in COPD rates among genders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether COPD rates differ by ethnicity/race in women 50-85 years old. Methods: This cross sectional analysis used 2014 BRFSS data for females 50 years and older from Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, and West Virginia. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between COPD and ethnicity/race while controlling for asthma, tobacco use, education level, employment status, income level, and healthcare access. Results: Few women 50 to 85 years old reported COPD (15-18%), most were white (73-95%), less were black (2-24%), and only a few were of "other" ethnicity/race (3-4%). After controlling for psychosocial and demographic factors, African Americans were about 2 to 3 times less likely to report COPD than other races in Alabama, Arkansas, and Kentucky. Additionally, COPD was significantly related to asthma, employment status, and tobacco use across all states. Conclusions: COPD was significantly related to ethnicity/race across three states (Alabama, Arkansas, and Kentucky), and it was related to asthma, employment status, and tobacco use across all states in samples representative of females 50 to 85 years old. Due to the cross sectional nature of the study, comorbidities and the progression of COPD were not accounted for. Nevertheless, screening African Americans for COPD in primary practice is recommended if the patient presents with indicating symptoms. Moreover, primary care clinicians should always educate and screen all patients with a history of tobacco use or asthma for COPD.Item Is Diabetes a Risk Factor for Stroke in Women Ages 45-54?(2017-03-14) Grabow, Ivonne; Faulk, Katelynn; Morgan, William; Meyer, Kim; Hartos, Jessica; Turner, HannahIntroduction: Diabetes has been identified as a risk factor for stroke. However, there is little known about the relationship between stroke and diabetes by gender and specific age groups. The purpose of this study was to assess whether diabetes is a risk factor for stroke in women ages 45-54. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used 2014 BRFSS data for females ages 45-54 in Arkansas, Kentucky, Maryland, South Carolina, and West Virginia. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between stroke and diabetes, while controlling for alcohol use, education level, ethnicity/race, exercise, tobacco use, and weight status. Results: Few women ages 45-54 reported ever being diagnosed with stroke (3-6%) or diabetes (10-17%). After controlling for alcohol use, education level, ethnicity/race, exercise, tobacco use, and weight status, diabetes was significantly related to stroke in Kentucky (AOR=2.92, 95% CI=1.40, 6.09) and Maryland (AOR=3.32, 95% CI=1.07, 10.3) but not in Arkansas, South Carolina, and West Virginia. Conclusions: Diabetes was found to be significantly related to stroke in two out of five states. This cross-sectional study does not reflect previous history of stroke and diabetes or their comorbidities. Since this data was from a population-based study, the results may reflect patients in the primary care setting. Therefore, practitioners in primary care can expect to see a very low percentages of stroke and diabetic patients and may consider screening for diabetes or stroke in patients with signs and symptoms of either disease.Item Is Weight Status a Risk Factor for Depression in Young Adult Females?(2017-03-14) Landon, Margaret; Rice, Kelsey; Whitney, Steven; Hartos, Jessica; Bernbaum, ShannonIntroduction: Depression and obesity are prevalent and growing in the general population, and this poses a serious concern for the healthcare system (1,2). An association between depression and obesity has been demonstrated in the general population (3,4,5,6), but there has been little research on the association in young females. The purpose of this study was to determine if weight status is a risk factor for depression in females aged 18-24. Methods: This cross-sectional study used 2014 BRFSS data on females aged 18-24 from Maine, Missouri, Montana, and Vermont. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between weight status and depression while controlling for ethnicity/race, marital status, education level, employment status, and income level. Results: Most of the participants reported they had never received a diagnosis of depression or dysthymia in their lifetime (74-76%), and the majority reported they were not overweight or obese (58-66%). After controlling for psychosocial and demographic factors, depression was significantly related to weight status (large effect sizes) in Maine and Missouri. Conclusions: Weight status was related to depression in two of four states in young adult females. These findings may be generalizable to primary care, but the association may be different in specialty practice. A temporal relationship between weight status and depression could not be determined from the cross- sectional data. It is recommended that practitioners screen for depression criteria in overweight and obese female young adults only if the patients present with signs and symptoms of depression.Item Is Weight Status Related to Depression in Young Adult Females?(2017-03-14) Sanford, Jill; Curry, Alexa; Hung, Alexandra; Hartos, Jessica; Hooda, NorinIntroduction: Clinical depression is prevalent in young adult females in the U.S. and leads to physical and psychosocial illness and mortality. While many risk factors for depression have been previously studied, little information is available on the relationship between depression and weight status in young adult females. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between depression and weight status in young adult women. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used 2014 BRFSS data for females of ages 18 to 35 from Arkansas, Oregon, Alabama, and Oklahoma. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between depression and being overweight while controlling for ethnicity/race, education level, employment status, income level, exercise, and tobacco use. Results: Few participants reported ever being diagnosed with any form of depression or dysthymia (22-32%) and the majority of participants reported being overweight (47-64%). After controlling for psychosocial and demographic factors, depression was not significantly related to weight status in Arkansas, Oregon, Alabama, or Oklahoma. Depression was significantly related to high income (large effect sizes) in Alabama and Oklahoma. Conclusions: In general population samples of young adult females, few reported depression, and the majority reported being overweight, but depression was not related to weight status. However, depression was related to income level. Limitations to this study include inability to assess the relationship over time and self-reported data with the possibility of inaccuracy. It is recommended that primary care practitioners become informed, screen, and educate their young adult female patients on depression and weight status independently due to an abundance of adverse effects. However, due to the absence of a relationship between the two conditions, it is not indicated that practitioners evaluate one due to the presence of another.