2020
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12503/29915
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Browsing 2020 by Author "Aiken, Julia"
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Item An Assessment of Non-Consensual Sexual Experiences Among Men(2020) Griner, Stacey; Aiken, JuliaSocial media movements exposed the routine sexual victimization of women; however, the stories of male sexual assault survivors are still left largely unheard and untold. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that 1 in 6 men experience childhood sexual abuse, and 1 in 21 men have been forced to penetrate someone else during their lifetime. However, little research explores the individual-level characteristics associated with sexual victimization of men. This study assessed the sociodemographic factors of men that report non-consensual sexual experiences. We analyzed data from the 2011-2017 National Survey of Family Growth, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey. The sample was delimited to those who reported any type of sexual activity and were between the age 18 to 49 years (N=11,294). The sample was stratified into sexually victimized and non-sexually victimized to perform weighted frequencies and Chi-Square tests amongst sociodemographic variables. In this sample, 31.0% of men reported experiencing a non-consensual experience. Men that reported victimization debuted sexually at a significantly younger age (M=16.8 years, SE=0.22) compared to non-victimized men (M=17.2, SE=0.22) (p< .0001). Significant differences in victimization appeared by race/ethnicity (p< .0001), childhood family structure (p< .0001), percent of federal poverty level (p< .0001), level of education (p< .0001), and sexual orientation (p< .0001). Our findings suggest that men experience a high prevalence of non-consensual sexual encounters, belying the cultural silence on male experiences of sexual violence. These estimates of demographic inequities can inform targeted interventions for survivors.Item Refractive Error and Amblyogenic Risk Factors in Pre-School Children(2020) Aryal, Subhash; Galvan, Coulter; Zielke, Cameron; Mozdbar, Sima; Aiken, JuliaAmblyopia is the most common cause of vision loss in children and is defined as reduced visual acuity in the absence of ocular pathology. Early detection and treatment of children identified as having amblyogenic risk factors, including high refractive error, is imperative in reducing long-term visual impairment. This study determines the prevalence of refractive errors and amblyogenic risk factors in children aged 3-5 years and attending Fort Worth, Texas schools. Researchers performed vision screenings in 20 elementary schools. The sample was delimited to children 5 years and younger (N=1,769). Binomial variables indicating refractive errors (hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism and anisometropia) were created to execute frequencies and Chi-Square tests amongst race/ethnicity and gender. Participants were also stratified by presence of any amblyogenic risk factors. Those with at least one refractive error accounted for 32% of the sample. Nearly 1% (n=22) had an amblyogenic risk factor. No significant presence of refractive errors by gender were present, but significance appeared amongst Hispanic (p< .0001), Black (p< .0001), and Asian (p< .0460) children. Hispanic and Black children had 3.445 (95%, CI=2.418-4.909) and 2.912 (95%, CI=1.947-4.357) higher odds, respectively, of having a refractive error than their White counterparts. Significant differences in refractive errors by race and ethnicity align with findings in previous studies. The prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors indicates a potential for learning difficulties and developmental challenges. These findings support the importance of routine vision screening and the need for community-targeted education regarding comprehensive eye examinations.