Browsing by Author "Graupensperger, Scott"
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Item EXAMININATION OF THE LONGITUDINAL ASSOCATION BETWEEN ALCOHOL-INDUCED BLACKOUTS AND AUDIT SCORES AND THE MODERATING EFFECTS OF IMPULSIVITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS(2024-03-21) Cross, Allison; Graupensperger, Scott; Litt, Dana; Hicks, Haleigh; Lewis, MelissaPurpose: Adolescent and young adult alcohol consumption and related consequences present persistent public health concern and research highlights the role that alcohol-induced blackouts (AIB) may have on the development of alcohol use disorders. Moreover, impulsivity, specifically premeditation and urgency, are noted to have significant associations with drinking. However, less is known about these associations over time among adolescents and young adults. Therefore, this study examined longitudinal associations between AIB and hazardous alcohol use risk (AUDIT scores) in adolescents and young adults, while exploring the moderating effects of premeditation and urgency. Methods: Participants were recruited for a longitudinal ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study examining cognitions and alcohol use. Data were collected at baseline and 12-month follow-up from participants who reported past month alcohol use. The analytic sample consisted of 556 participants (58.6% females; 70.8% White Non-Hispanic, ages 15-25 [mean = 21.5, SD = 2.5]). Data were analyzed using generalized linear models (GLM). Results: Results revealed a significant association between baseline AIB and AUDIT scores at 12-month follow-up such that a one-unit increase in AIB scores was associated with a 12% increase in residual change of AUDIT scores (RR = 1.12, p = .001). Premeditation was inversely associated with AUDIT scores, such that on average, a one-unit increase corresponded to an 8% relative reduction in AUDIT scores (RR = 0.92, p = .032). Finally, urgency was not significantly associated with AUDIT scores (RR = 1.07, p = .053). Premeditation, but not urgency, significantly moderated the effect of AIB on change in AUDIT scores such that for those with relatively higher premeditation scores, a one-unit increase in AIB corresponds to a 22% increase in AUDIT scores (RR = 1.13, p= .009). Conclusion: Findings suggest a significant association between AIB and AUDIT scores one year later, controlling for baseline AUDIT scores. Furthermore, the moderating effect of premeditation suggests that those with higher premeditation who are still engaging in AIB may be doing so with intentions to engage in high-risk drinking. Targeting prevention programs, towards adolescents and young adults with a history of AIB, especially those who with elevated premeditation, may be effective in mitigating the risk of alcohol use disorder development.Item Examining Familiarity with Location and People in Association with Protective Behavioral Strategy Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults at the Daily-Level(2023) Cross, Allison; Zhou, Zhengyang; Fairlie, Anne; Litt, Dana M.; Graupensperger, Scott; Lewis, MelissaPurpose: Despite protective behavioral strategies (PBS) often being a central component to alcohol prevention programs, many adolescents and young adults who drink alcohol use few to no PBS. Therefore, it is important to determine factors associated with PBS use. Situational factors such as social and physical environments have shown to influence drinking behavior. In addition, many PBS are often related to peers and location and thus may influence PBS use or nonuse. The study aimed to investigate the associations between situational familiarity (i.e., familiarity with locations and people) and PBS use at the daily level among adolescents and young adults. Method: Participants were recruited in Texas for a longitudinal ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study that involved a 3-week EMA burst design (8 surveys per week; up to 2x/day) with bursts occurring quarterly over 12-months. Participants who reported drinking days and answered PBS items were included in the current analyses. Data: The analytical sample consisted of 3,921 drinking days from 579 participants (55.44% females; 45.12% White, Non-Hispanic; ages 15 to 25 (mean = 21.04)). Data were analyzed with mixed effects zero-inflated Poisson models for each PBS outcome (i.e., serious harm reduction, limiting/stopping, manner of drinking). Results: Within-person results indicated when participants had elevated (i.e., higher than their own average) familiarity with location (e.g., How familiar are you with the locations you were at yesterday?), they were less likely to use harm reduction PBS (RR) = 0.94, p < 0.001) and limiting/stopping PBS (RR = 0.96, p = 0.001). Results showed that on drinking days with elevated familiarity with people (e.g., How familiar are you with the people you were with yesterday?), individuals were more likely to use limiting/stopping PBS (RR = 1.04, p = 0.01). There were no significant daily-level associations between familiarity with people or location and manner of drinking PBS. Conclusion: Results suggest that adolescent and young adult PBS use, particularly serious harm reduction and limiting/stopping PBS, can vary based on familiarity with people and location on a daily level. Alcohol prevention approaches, such as just-in-time intervention strategies, should consider how to increase PBS use even when drinking in more familiar situations or with less familiar people.Item Perceived Vulnerability When Drinking: Daily-Level Associations with Alcohol Use and Consequences by Sexual Minority Status Among Adolescent Girls and Young Adult Women(2024-03-21) Vrotsos, Katherine; Graupensperger, Scott; Litt, Dana; Lewis, MelissaPurpose: Although cross-sectional research on perceived vulnerability (i.e., the likelihood of experiencing consequences if the individual were to engage in a behavior) when drinking suggests that greater perceived vulnerability is associated with less alcohol use and fewer alcohol-related consequences between-persons, there has been minimal research and mixed findings on within-person perceived vulnerability to alcohol-related consequences at the daily-level. Women have been found to experience more alcohol-related consequences compared to men, which may relate to their levels of perceived vulnerability. Additionally, sexual minority girls and women appear to be at increased risk for engaging in greater alcohol use and experiencing more alcohol-related consequences compared to heterosexual women, which may exacerbate their perceived vulnerability. The present study aims to (1) examine daily-level associations between perceived vulnerability and alcohol use and consequences among adolescent girls and young adult women and (2) assess whether sexual minority status moderates the association between perceived vulnerability and alcohol use and consequences at the daily-level. Methods: Participants were recruited as part of a longitudinal ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study conducted in Texas. Participants completed up to two surveys each day (eight surveys per week) in 3-week EMA bursts, which were repeated quarterly across the 12-month study. The sample for the current study included 410 cisgender (i.e., gender identity aligns with sex assigned at birth) adolescent girls and young adult women ages 15 to 25 (M= 20.8) who reported drinking days (44.9% White, Non-Hispanic; 39.8% sexual minority). The analytic sample included 3526 drinking days. Planned Analyses: In each multilevel model, daily-level predictors will be centered-within-person and person-level predictors will be grand-mean-centered. Age, race/ethnicity, weekend/weekday, week in burst, and burst number will be used as covariates in all models. Perceived vulnerability will be used as the predictor for (H1a) alcohol use (i.e., number of drinks) estimated with a mixed effects zero-truncated negative binomial model (count outcome starting at 1) and (H1b) the number of alcohol-related consequences estimated with a mixed-effects zero-inflated negative binomial model (count outcome with excessive zeros). Sexual minority status will be used as a moderator within these models (H2). Hypothesized Results: On drinking days when individuals report greater perceived vulnerability than their average, it is predicted that they will engage in less alcohol use (H1a) and experience fewer negative consequences (H1b). The daily-level associations between perceived vulnerability and alcohol use (H2a) and consequences (H2b) are predicted to be stronger among sexual minority individuals compared to heterosexual individuals. Potential Conclusion: The findings of this study have the potential to increase our understanding of how perceived vulnerability at the daily-level influences drinking among adolescent girls and young adult women, as well as differences based on sexual minority status. These findings could potentially improve the precision and efficacy of in-the-moment preventative interventions by identifying when girls and women are at increased risk of experiencing alcohol-related harm. Furthermore, these findings may inform the need to tailor in-the-moment interventions to target sexual minority girls and women.