Browsing by Author "Huang, Yuhan"
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Item Age and sex differences in childhood and adulthood obesity association with phthalates: Analyses of NHANES 2011–2014(2018-03-14) Moore, Jonathan; Huang, Yuhan; Aryal, Subhash; Uche, Uloma I.Purpose: To examine the relationship between urinary phthalates and obesity in children/adolescents and in adults using data from NHANES 2011-2014. Methods: Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2011-2014, data files on ten urinary phthalates and obesity in children/adolescents (aged 6-19 years old) and in adults (20 years and older) were retrieved. Urinary phthalates were grouped as low molecular weight (LMW) phthalates, High Molecular Weight (HMW) phthalates, Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalates (DEHP) and categorized using weighted quartiles. Children/adolescents were classified as underweight/normal, overweight and obese using the BMI z-score. Adults were classified similarly using BMI measures of29.9, respectively. A multinomial logistic regression was conducted to determine the association of urinary phthalates and obesity while controlling for covariates. Participants with missing covariates, pregnant women and breastfeeding women were excluded. Results: Using multinomial logistic regression, the 3rd quartile for LMW and the 4th quartile for DEHP had statistically significant associations with being overweight in children/adolescents. The 3rd quartile for LMW was associated with being overweight in female children/adolescents and the 4th quartile for DEHP was associated with being overweight in male children/adolescents. The 4th quartile of individual phthalate MECPP was found to result in increased odds of being overweight in the female group and in children overall. The highest quartile for MEHHP was also significantly associated with obesity for children overall and for males. There were no statistically significant associations between urinary LMW, HMW and DEHP concentrations and obesity in adults, even when stratified by gender. Analyses of the individual phthalate components of LMW indicated an association between the 4th quartile of MnBP and overweight among female adults. No association was found in other individual phthalates and prevalence of obesity in adults. Conclusion: Urinary concentrations of LMW and DEHP are associated with increased rates of overweight in children/adolescents and there is a sex difference in this association. There is no apparent association between urinary phthalates and obesity in adults.Item Associations between dietary intakes of magnesium and calcium and overweight and obesity in US children from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2012(2018-03-14) Tan, Zhengqi; Chen, Shande; Tao, Menghua; Huang, YuhanMagnesium and calcium are important micronutrients for normal growth and development, and they may play a role in the development of obesity. Previous studies showed abnormalities of serum magnesium and calcium levels were detected among obese children. We examine the associations between intakes of magnesium and calcium from food and overweight/obesity among children in a population-based cross-sectional study. A total number of 5,813 children aged 8 to 14 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003 to 2012 were included in our analyses. Dietary intakes of calcium and magnesium were determined from 24-h dietary recalls. NHANES anthropometric measurements were used, and body mass index (BMI) and BMI-for-age percentiles were calculated for boys and girls. Based on the International Child BMI-cut-offs, overweight was defined as BMI≥85% to BMIItem Medical Students' Practice of EPAs in Service Learning(2018-03-14) Huang, Yuhan; Dolan, Kathryn J.Purpose Community service learning activities meet a wide range of learning objectives: exercising clinical skills which includes taking vitals, histories and physicals, preventive health screenings and health education, injury prevention and first aid, collaborating with other members of the health care team as well as providing care under supervision for the most underserved and vulnerable populations, and addressing population health. Many of the direct service experiences enable students to work with patient records, dispense donated medicines, practice forming clinical questions, collecting patient data and interacting directly with real patients practicing interviewing skills, patient centered care and empathy. Many of the health education and safety service experiences enable students to recognize factors affecting population health and opportunities to develop strategies to improve the overall health of our communities. Methods Self-report data from osteopathic medical students’ required service is required for each activity or event and since Fall 2015 is collected electronically. Data includes the type of service, and Likert scale ratings of students overall satisfaction with the experience, and the extent to which each activity meets certain learning objectives. Specific service activities exercise specific EPAs, and students ratings can indicate whether the learning objectives for those EPAs have been met. Results Data from 920 students with a total of 7,490 service evaluation reports are available for analysis. The most common types of service are assisting at indigent clinics, health fairs, sporting events, health education and safety for children and direct health services including OMM. The majority of students strongly agreed or agreed the overall experience of a specific event was good for of them. The majority strongly agreed clinical skills, health education and collaboration learning objectives were met during homeless services events and for mission trips. Conclusions Service learning is designed to provide opportunities for students to engage in experiential learning which is task and problem specific, improves clinical skills, and experience the benefits of altruistic behavior. The model of learning applied here originated with John Dewey (1938) and developed by Kolb (1984), and Boyatzis (2000) to address professional competencies. This is a step in understanding on the impact of service learning in meeting specific learning objectives in medical education.Item Trends in dietary and total magnesium intake of Hispanic Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 – 2014(2019-03-05) Chen, Shande; Fulda, Kimberly; Huang, Yuhan; Tao, Meng-Hua; Liu, JialiangPurpose Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays important roles in hundreds of physiologic activities; however, intake of magnesium has been histologically low in Americans. The 2015-2020 Dietary Guideline for Americans particularly identified magnesium as one nutrient of concerns. The purpose of this study is to report trends in magnesium intake from foods and total magnesium intake (from foods and supplement) between 1999 and 2014 among US Hispanic adults, overall and stratified by gender, race, age, family income level, and education level. Methods Data on 9,690 Hispanic adults aged 20 years or older from eight National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) cycles (1999 – 2014) were included in this study. The sample size per cycle ranged from 957 to 1,651. In NHANES, daily dietary magnesium intake was collected through 24-hour dietary recalls, and supplemental intake of magnesium was obtained from a dietary supplement questionnaire. For each survey cycle, survey-weight, energy-adjusted average dietary and total magnesium intakes were estimated, and the prevalence of dietary and total magnesium intake below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were estimated using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method. Linear regression was used to test trends in mean intake and prevalence of inadequacy over time. Results Among Hispanic adults, overall both dietary and total magnesium intake increased significantly between 1999 – 2000 and 2013 – 2014, from 269 mg/day to 285 mg/day for dietary intake and from 289 mg/day to 305 mg/day for total intake (p-quadratic trend p trend Conclusions Our results indicate mild improvements in magnesium consumption level among U.S. Hispanic adults between 1999 and 2014, while the prevalence of magnesium inadequacy remained high, which suggesting the necessary to improve magnesium intake in this population through appropriate public health educations on nutrition and supplementation.Item Trends in Magnesium Intake among Hispanic Adults, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2014(MDPI, 2019-11-22) Liu, Jialiang; Huang, Yuhan; Dai, Qi; Fulda, Kimberly G.; Chen, Shande; Tao, Meng-HuaThis study aimed at examining trends in magnesium intake among U.S. Hispanic adults stratified by gender, Hispanic origins, age, and poverty income ratio (PIR) level. Data on 9304 Hispanic adults aged ≥20 years from eight National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (1999-2014) were included in this study. For each cycle, survey-weighted mean dietary and total magnesium intakes were estimated. The prevalence of dietary and total magnesium intake below the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) was further estimated stratified by gender and age groups. Linear regression was used to test trend. Over the survey cycles, both dietary and total magnesium intakes were significantly increased among Hispanic adults. In the study period, magnesium intake tended to be lower in females, adults in other Hispanic-origin group, those aged ≥65 years old, and those with a PIR <1.0. The prevalence of magnesium intake inadequacy decreased among Hispanic adults; however, more than 70% of Hispanic males and females continued to have magnesium intake below the RDA in 2013-2014. From 1999/2000 to 2013/2014, despite several improvements in magnesium intake having been identified, additional findings showed insufficient intake in Hispanic males and females, suggesting the need to improve magnesium intake through diet and dietary supplementation for U.S. Hispanics.