Browsing by Author "Yockey, R. Andrew"
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Item Do sociodemographic, health behaviors, and clinical factors predict levels of hs-CRP stratified by race and ethnicity?(2024-03-21) Modisette, Rebecca; Yockey, R. Andrew; Fulda, KimberlyPurpose: Health disparities between different racial and ethnic groups exist for many preventable chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. High- sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a marker of systemic inflammation, and it is known that inflammation is one of the many components associated with physiologic deterioration, or chronic illness. Research has shown disparities in elevations of hs-CRP within different races and ethnicities. Furthermore, research has also demonstrated which factors can lead to elevations in hs-CRP within the general population. However, there is a need to determine factors and clarify relationships predictive of elevated HS-CRP for different racial and ethnic groups. The purpose of this analysis was to identify sociodemographic, health behavior, and clinical factors that predict hs-CRP by race / ethnicity. Methods: A secondary analysis of the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was conducted. Briefly, the NHANES is a nationally representative survey assessing physical activity, chronic disease, and other health behaviors among adults 18 years of age and older in the United States. The outcome variable was hs-CRP levels, which was log-transformed due to non-normal distributions. Covariates included demographics (e.g., age, biological sex, education, marital status), insurance, BMI, sleep, depression, alcohol drinks, physical activity, and number of chronic conditions. Due to missing data, 5 datasets were imputed and combined in a multivariate manner using Rubin’s rules. Regression analyses were conducted stratified by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, Mexican American, Other Hispanic, and Other/Multi-Racial) to determine significant risk factors. Analyses were weighted to be representative of the U.S. population. Results: The analytic sample consisted of 15,476 adults ages 18 years or older (M= 38.5,SE =0.19). Diverging patterns emerged regarding hs-CRP levels, such that significant risk factors included BMI, biological sex (female), and health status. For white individuals, identifying as female (b = 0.13), increased BMI (b = 0.07), and poor sleep (b = 0.07) were significant predictors of inflammation. Regarding Black individuals, increased age (b = 0.01), identifying as female (b = 0.19), and increased BMI (b = 0.07) were significant predictors of inflammation. Pertaining to Mexican American individuals, identifying as female (b = 0.44), reporting good/fair/poor health (b = 0.28), and increased BMI(b = 0.08) were significant predictors of inflammation. Good/fair/poor health (b = 0.33) and increased BMI (b = 0.07) were significant predictors of inflammation for Other Hispanic individuals, while never being married decreased the risk for inflammation (b = -0.45). For Asian individuals, increased poverty (b= 0.08) and increased BMI (b = 0.09) were significant predictors. Finally, for multi-racial individuals, identifying as female (b = 0.37) and increased BMI (b = 0.04) were significant predictors of inflammation. Conclusion: This study identified racial/ethnic differences in sociodemographic, health behavior, and clinical factors that predict hs-CRP. Understanding disparities in risks for elevated hs-CRP could help clinicians identify potential biomarkers and intervene to reduce the impact of elevated inflammation among racial/ethnic minorities. Future research should include other social determinants of health such as environment, shift work, and nutrition.Item Past-Year Blunt Smoking among Youth: Differences by LGBT and Non-LGBT Identity(MDPI, 2023-04-14) Yockey, R. Andrew; Barnett, Tracey E.Blunt use (co-use of tobacco and marijuana) is a growing phenomenon among youth and disproportionately affects minority populations. LGBT+ populations are significantly more likely to use marijuana and tobacco, but this relationship has yet to be examined among LGBT+ adolescents. This analysis aimed to investigate past-year blunt use among a national sample of youth and delineate the differences between non-LGBT and LGBT+ youth. We used Wave 2 of the Population and Tobacco Health (PATH) study. We analyzed data from 7518 youth, comparing past-year blunt use between LGBT+ and non-LGBT youth, controlling for biological sex, race, and age using weighted logistic regression models. Greater than 1 in 10 youth (10.6%) reported using blunts in the past year. More than one in five (21.6%) LGBT+ youth reported using blunts in the past year. There were no significant differences between boys and girls. Older youth (17 years old) were more likely to use blunts in the past year (aPR: 3.04, 95% CI 2.48, 3.79) than younger youth. Compared with non-LGBT youth, LGBT+ youth were 2.17 times (95% CI 1.86, 2.54) more likely to report using blunts in the past year. Blunt use and its respective impact on health outcomes among developing youth are of concern to public health. These findings demonstrate that certain subgroups of youth are more at risk for use and emphasize the need for tailored interventions to mitigate initiation and current use, given that one of the goals of the Healthy People 2030 initiative is to "Improve the health, safety, and well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals."Item Psychometric Properties of Scales Measuring Resilience in U.S. Latinx Populations: A Systematic Review(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2023-03-11) Cockroft, Joshua D.; Rabin, Julia; Yockey, R. Andrew; Toledo, Isabella; Fain, Susan; Jacquez, Farrah; Vaughn, Lisa M.; Stryker, Shanna D.OBJECTIVES: Instruments used to measure resilience have typically been developed in European or Anglosphere countries and emphasize personal factors of resilience. In addition to being a quickly growing ethnic minority group in the United States, Latinx individuals face unique stressors and protective factors that may contribute to resilience. This review sought to determine the extent to which instruments measuring resilience have been validated in U.S. Latinx populations and what domains of resilience those scales capture. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards and included studies describing psychometric properties of resilience scales for Latinx individuals living in the United States. Articles were assessed for quality of psychometric validation; scales used in the final studies were assessed for representation of domains of the social ecological resilience model. RESULTS: Nine studies were included in the final review examining eight separate resilience measures. The populations of these studies were heterogeneous geographically and demographically; more than half the studies only included Latinx populations as a subgroup. The breadth and quality of psychometric validation were variable across studies. The domains represented by the scales in the review most heavily assessed individual domains of resilience. CONCLUSION: The literature to date on psychometric validation of resilience measures in Latinx populations in the United States is limited and does not robustly capture aspects of resilience that may be particularly meaningful for Latinx populations, such as community or cultural factors. Instruments that are developed with and for Latinx populations are necessary to better understand and measure resilience in this population.