Browsing by Subject "Adipose Tissue"
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Item Periuterine Adipose Tissue Remodeling in Rats Offered a Choice of Lard, Sucrose, and Chow(2018-05) Ahmed, Hijab; Goulopoulou, Styliani; Mallet, Robert T.; Rickards, Caroline A.; Su, Dong-MingThe impact of obesity on adipose tissue expansion differs with each adipose depot throughout the body, suggesting that obesity affects adipose tissue in a regional manner. We determined if free access to lard, sucrose solution, and chow (choice diet) would result in expansion (i.e. hypertrophy and hyperplasia) of periuterine adipose tissue and development of metabolic syndrome. Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into 2 weight-matched groups: 1) choice group: free access to chow, sucrose solution, and lard and 2) chow group: rodent chow for 3 weeks. Choice rats had greater visceral adiposity, serum concentrations of triglycerides (30.95 ± 2.48 v. 45.20 ± 3.81 mg/dL) and fasting glucose (121.5 ± 3.9 v. 110 ± 2.4 mg/dL), and higher blood pressure (95.79 ± 1.82 v. 88.55 ± 1.25 mm Hg) compared to chow rats. Adipocyte morphology was assessed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained periuterine adipose tissue sections using NIS Elements software. Cross-sectional area/cell was greater in periuterine adipose tissue from choice compared to chow rats, indicating a hypertrophic response (779.6 ± 47.64 vs. 492.0 ± 27.76 μm2/cell, p=0.0001). Number of cells/unit area was smaller in periuterine adipose tissue from choice rats, indicating a hypoplastic response (13.9 x 10-5 ± 0.880 x 10-5 vs. 20.4 x 10-5 ±0.910 x 10-5 cells/μm2, p=0.0001). In conclusion, choice diet induced features of metabolic syndrome and periuterine adipose tissue expansion via hypertrophy in female rats.Item Short-Term Autophagy Preconditioning Upregulates the Expression of COX2 and PGE2 and Alters the Immune Phenotype of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells In Vitro(MDPI, 2022-04-19) Wise, Rachel M.; Al-Ghadban, Sara; Harrison, Mark A. A.; Sullivan, Brianne N.; Monaco, Emily R.; Aleman, Sarah J.; Donato, Umberto M.; Bunnell, Bruce A.Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are potent modulators of inflammation and promising candidates for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Strategies to improve hASC survival and immunoregulation are active areas of investigation. Autophagy, a homeostatic and stress-induced degradative pathway, plays a crucial role in hASC paracrine signaling-a primary mechanism of therapeutic action. Therefore, induction of autophagy with rapamycin (Rapa), or inhibition with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), was examined as a preconditioning strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Following preconditioning, both Rapa and 3-MA-treated hASCs demonstrated preservation of stemness, as well as upregulated transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Rapa-ASCs further upregulated TNFalpha-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), indicating additional enhancement of immunomodulatory potential. Preconditioned cells were then stimulated with the inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and assessed for immunomodulatory factor production. Rapa-pretreated cells, but not 3-MA-pretreated cells, further amplified COX2 and IL-6 transcripts following IFNγ exposure, and both groups upregulated secretion of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), the enzymatic product of COX2. These findings suggest that a 4-h Rapa preconditioning strategy may bestow the greatest improvement to hASC expression of cytokines known to promote tissue repair and regeneration and may hold promise for augmenting the therapeutic potential of hASCs for inflammation-driven pathological conditions.