Browsing by Subject "Alternative and Complementary Medicine"
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Item Activities of Daily Living and Cardiovascular Risk Factors' Impact on Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Cognitive Functioning: A Three Stage Longitudinal Model(2005-05-01) Bozo, Ozlem; Guarnaccia, Charles A.; Hall, James; Kelly, KimberlyBozo, Ozlem, Activities of Daily Living and Cardiovascular Risk Factors’ Impact on Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Cognitive Functioning: A Three Stage Longitudinal Model. Doctor of Philosophy (Health Psychology), May, 2005, 122 pp., 23 tables, 4 figures, references, 50 titles. The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationship of daily living (ADL), cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular diseases to predict the future cognitive functioning of older Americans who are between the ages of 51 and 61 at the time of initial assessment. Three waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) database between the years of 1992 and 2002 were examined with path analysis. The longitudinal hypotheses of the study were that (1) ADLs would positively predict future cognitive functioning, (2) ADLs would negatively predict future cardiovascular risk factors, (3) ADLS would negatively predict future cardiovascular diseases, (5) cardiovascular risk factors would negatively predict future cognitive functioning, (6) cardiovascular disease would negatively predict future cognitive functioning, (7) cardiovascular risk factors would mediate the relationship between ADLS and cardiovascular disease, and (8) cardiovascular disease would mediate the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive functioning. The results of the analyses indicate that there was no effect of cardiovascular disease on cognitive functioning; however, there were significant effects of cardiovascular risk factors on cognitive functioning that ranged between B=-/021 and B=-/145. Moreover, it was found that cardiovascular risk factors mediate the relationship between ADLs and cognitive functioning, while cardiovascular disease does not. These results suggest that addressing cardiovascular risk factors may be more important than addressing existing cardiovascular disease to protect future cognitive functioning. This shows the importance of primary/secondary prevention versus tertiary interventions.Item Anatomy in a Nutshell or Questions and Answers with Explanatory Notes(Democrat Print, 1899-01-01) Laughlin, WilliamItem Characterization of Health Status and Modifiable Risk Behavior of United States Adults Using Chiropractic Care as Compared to General Medical Care(2007-08-01) Ndetan, Harrison Tatandam; Sejong Bae; Karan SinghNdetan, Harrison Tatandam, B.sc., M.Sc., Characterization of Health Status and Modifiable Risk Behavior of United States Adults Using Chiropractic Care as Compared to General Medical Care. Master of Public Health (Biostatistics), August 2007; 25 pp., 8 tables, 1 appendix, 49 titles. This study characterizes typical conditions of chiropractic patients and explores how chiropractic influences modifiable behavioral risk factors in the U.S. data from the Sample Adult Core component of the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) was analyzed using SAS9.1.2. Statistical analyses included logistic regression, chi squared, and t test analyses. There were 31,428 respondents. Males comprised 43.79%. Those who saw/talked to chiropractors (DC’s), within the past 12 months were 8.73%. Among these 21.37% did not see the general medical doctor (MD). There was no significant difference in the smoking and alcohol consumption status of respondents who saw/talked to DC’s than MDs. DC patients were more likely to be physically active [OR=1.45(1.20, 1.75)] and less likely to be obese [OR=0.74(0.59-0.92)] than MD patients. Patients with acute migraine, neck, and low back pains were more likely to see DC’s but patients with arthritis and chronic conditions were more likely to see MDs.Item Development of the Attitudes Toward Osteopathic Principles and Practice Scale (ATOPPS): Preliminary Results(2002-05-01) Russo, David P.Russo, David P., Development of the Attitudes Toward Osteopathic Principles and Practice Scale (ATOPPS): Preliminary Results. Master of Public Health, May 2002, 11 pp., 2 tables, bibliography, 19 titles. Little is known about how student attitudes toward osteopathic principles and practice (OPP) develop and evolve over the course of their osteopathic medical education. Interviews were conducted with osteopathic medical students, osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) residents, fellows, and physician specialists. These interviews were summarized in a 39-item instrument administered to 127 students at the completion of their core OMM rotation at UNTHSC-TCOM. Factor analysis of student responses to the 39 candidate items yielded two interpretable factors. 14 of the original 39 statements were eliminated and the smaller second factor was dropped. Factor 1 contained items reflecting both positive and negative attitudes toward the application OPP in patient care, medical education, and professional distinctiveness. Two internal consistency estimates of reliability were computer for the revised 25-item ATOPPS. Estimates for the split-half coefficients for part 1 were .89, for part 2 was .87; the Spearman-Brown coefficient alpha was .93Item Dr. A. T. Still, Founder of Osteopathy(The Osteopathic Publishing Co., 1918-01-01) Lane, M.Item Effects of Cervical Manipulation on Cardiac Autonomic Control(2006-05-01) Giles, Paul David; Michael Smith; Scott Stoll; Walter WitryolGiles, Paul David, Effects of Cervical Manipulation on Cardiac Autonomic Control. Master of Science (Clinical Research and Education – OMM), May 2006, pp, 1 table, 8 figures, references. Objective: Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine treatment (OMT) regimes often focus on treating the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) in addition to biomechanics. Techniques focused on the upper cervical spine are theorized to affect the function of the vagus nerve and thereby influence the parasympathetic branch of the ANS. This study was conducted to observe the effect of upper cervical spine manipulation on cardiac autonomic control as measured by heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: Nineteen healthy, young adult subjects were randomly assigned an order in which they would undergo three different experimental protocols: OMT, Sham, and a time control. Six minutes of electrocardiographic data was collected before and after each intervention to be analyzed by power spectral analysis. Results: All baseline data for each protocol and all parameters studied were the same. The OMT protocol and all parameters studied were the same. The OMT protocol caused a change in the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal (SDNN) intervals (0.121 +/- 0.0822 sec, p=0.005) and the change in the high frequency HRV was different from the changes caused by other interventions (p=0.038). Conclusions: This preliminary data supports the hypothesis that under cervical spine manipulation affects the parasympathetic nervous system; however, more data on more subjects needs to be collected in order to clarify some points, and to reach statistical significance in certain measures.Item Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on Osteoarthritis(2000-08-01) Pham, Chau N.Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis in the United States. Of those 65 to 74 years old, 18 per 100 women and 8 out of 100 men will experience OA of the knee. (Towheed and Hochberg, 1997) The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported a high prevalence for disability for person [greater than] 65 years. Arthritis or rheumatism accounts for 7.2 million (17.1%) people ranking above back problems and heart disease. (CDC, 1994) The Framingham epidemiologic study of knee osteoarthritis estimated a 27% prevalence for those 44% of those [greater than] 80 years. Nelson, Naimark, Anderson, Kazis, Castell & Meenan, 1987) This study uses the principles of Osteopathy to treat OA for the elderly as osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) specifically addresses the symptoms and signs of OA. The typical symptom of OA is pain stiffness “in and around a joint accompanied by limitation of function.” (Klippel, 1997) Pain from OA may originate from “periostitis at sites of bony remodeling; subchondral microfractures; irritation of sensory nerve endings in the synovium from osteophytes; periarticular muscle spasm; bony angina due to decreased blood flow and/or elevated intraosseous pressure; and synovial inflammation accompanied by release of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other cytokine.” (Klippel, 1997) Other symptoms include morning stiffness, gel phenomenon, buckling/instability. The signs of OA are bony enlargements, limitation of range of motion, crepitus, tenderness on pressure, pain, join effusion, malalignment and/or joint deformity. (Hazzard, 1999) Most often, pain and limitation of movement from OA cause signficiant changes in lifestyle for the older adult; functional independence is adversely affected. Decreased functional independence that affects the quality of life makes this the most debilitating illness in the 65 and older population. Studies have shown that patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee have comparable number of days with restricted activity as patients rheumatoid arthritis. (Towheed, 1997; Holman & Lorig, 1997). Treatment goals for managing osteoarthritic patients is to control pain subsequently minimizing functional limitation and disability. (Hazzard, 1999) To treat the above dysfunction, current treatments for OA include pharmacologic agents such as NSAIDs, analgesics, intra-articular steroid injections, topical analgesics; glucosamine sulfate and hyaluronic acid; nonpharmacologic measures include weight reduction, therapeutic ultrasound, acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve simulation (TENS), physical therapy, pulsed electrical stimulation, orthotics, hydrotherapy, self management courses, and support groups. (Womheim, 1996; Zizic, 1995; Creamer, 1997; & McNoll, 199*) The primary objective of pharmacologic treatments is to decrease pain resulting in an increased functional capacity and improved quality of life. There are side effects and limitations to pharmacologic regimens. For example, the usage of NSAIDs in the treatment of the elderly can result in gastrointestinal bleeding. (McNoll, 1998) Non-pharmacologic treatments are viable alternatives in treating osteoarthritis; osteopathic manipulative treatment is such an alternative. A primary osteopathic principle dictates that structure and function are reciprocally inter-related. Any change from the “normal” is called somatic dysfunction. Specifically, somatic dysfunction is the altered or impaired function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system-skeletal, arthrodial, and myofascial structures and related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements. (Greenman, 1989) OMT is used to return the body to its normal state by increasing symmetry and motion thereby improving body balance and reducing inflammation and pain by increasing fluid flow. When considering the physiological causes for OA of the knee coupled with the side effects from pharmacological treatment, health care providers must consider alternative treatments. The principles of osteopathy provide a logical spring board to meet that challenge. This present study provides a preliminary understanding of the efficacy of OMT for OA of the knee.Item EGCG and Its Role in Prostate Cancer Angiogenesis(2005-05-01) Thomas, Rusha; Porunelloor Mathew; Ming-Chi Wu; Dan DimitrijevichThomas, Rusha, EGCG and its role in prostate cancer angiogenesis. Master of Science (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology), May 2005, 47 pages, 14 illustrations, reference list, 44 titles. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-mediated upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated in angiogenesis associated with malignancies. HIF-1 consists of a constitutively expressed HIF-1β subunit, and a hypoxia-inducible HIF-1α subunit. Hypoxic induction of HIF-1α correlates with increased transcriptional activation of its downstream target genes, including VEGF. Epidemiologic and laboratory studies indicate that green tea has cancer preventive activity which has been attributed to its polyphenol components, the major one being epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). This study investigated the effect of EGCG on normoxic VEGF expression in PC-3ML human prostate cancer cells. In contrast to previous studies where EGCG inhibited VEGF expression in breast and colon cancer cell lines, our results demonstrated that EGCG has the ability to upregulate HIF-1α transcription factor via inhibition of prolyl hydroxylation and subsequent von Hippel-Lindau protein interaction. HIF-1α upregulation by EGCG led to increased VEGF promoter activity and protein expression.Item Facts in Favor of Phrenology: Two Letters to a Friend in Oxford(Macclesfield, 1826-01-01)Item Food Fundamentals(Health Fundamentals, 1918-01-01) Bean, Elijah D.O.A discussion of food based on experience, from the view point of an osteopathic physician together with a study of ill-health caused by wrong habits of living. 2nd ed. 177 p. ; 20 cm.Item Immediate Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatments on Immune Function in a Healthy Population: A Pilot Study(2006-05-01) John, Janice Thomas; Scott Stoll; Jerry Simecka; Barbara AtkinsonJanice Thomas, D.O., M.S. Immediate Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatments on Immune Function in a Healthy Population: A Pilot Study. Master of Science (Clinical Research and Education – OMM), May 2006, 75 pp, 3 tables, 5 figures, 66 references, 24 titles. Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the immediate effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) on immune function in a healthy population. Methods: This was a randomized, blinded and controlled clinical trial. 50 healthy individuals, ages 18 to 40, were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: OMT or Rest (control). Blood and saliva samples were collected pre and post-intervention (thirty minutes of OMT or Rest). Samples were analyzed for a CBC, salivary IgA, and various lymphocyte populations. Results: This study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of this protocol. No statistically significant differences in outcome measures were identified between the two groups, nor were any apparent trends identified. Conclusion: This study established a framework for future research investigating the effects OMT on acute and chronic infection, chronic pain, and immunocompromised populations in human and/or animal populations.Item Inhibitory Rib-Raising and Microneurographic Measurement of Sympathetic Nervous System Activity(2007-05-01) Kinzler, Damien W.; Michael Smith; Russell Gamber; Hollis KingThe clinical effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT) techniques that are designed to address the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are untested to current research standards. As the concept of “autonomic imbalance” is frequently ascribed as the etiology of various pathologic conditions, it is paramount to undertake basic research into not only efficacy but also possible mechanistic actions and origins. Osteopathic physicians often utilize treatment regimens and techniques for which the given mechanism of action is simply attributed to “balancing the autonomics”. This intuitive concept may finally be at the threshold where enough basic science exists to justify clinical investigations. Osteopathic manual manipulative techniques have shown effectiveness in the treatment of various musculoskeletal conditions and have been shown to lower perceived pain; supporting the use of manual therapy as an effective treatment modality. A brief review yields the following within just the last four years: Eisenhart showed positive range-of-motion outcomes after ankle sprain in the emergency department. Biondi reviews the usefulness of cervical manipulation for tension headache and McReynolds demonstrated an equivalent decrease in acute neck with OMT versus intramuscular ketolac in an emergency department setting, although the dosing was not maximal. German researchers have shown effectiveness in chronic epicondylopathia humeri radialis and research has led to the demonstration of lowered post-operative pain in hip or knee arthroplasty. There has also been decreased post-operative pain medication reported in hysterectomy when compared with a control group. OMT has demonstrated a decrease in fibromyalgia symptoms when used with standard care over standard care alone. Low back pain, perhaps the most extensively studied diagnosis in which OMT has been evaluated, has reported numerous positive outcomes including lower levels of narcotic use and decreased pain in both double-blinded and meta-analysis studies, although there is still considerable debate within this area. There has also been favorable outcomes associated with the management of gain in Parkinson’s disease and preliminary work has shown the efficacy in treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Most of the aforementioned musculoskeletal conditions are not amenable to traditional therapies and have a high-cost burden on the economy. Traditional treatments generally have a “wait and see” approach combined with analgesics which may not cause harm, but hampers quality of life and income in the interim. The cost effectiveness of OMT is still in the preliminary stages, but there is evidence supporting a superior cost benefit ratio when compared to standard care and since many of these conditions have no other proven treatment modality available patients will often try anything over nothing. The evaluation of OMT addressing clear autonomic dysfunction is limited. This study closes a small part of that gap by examining the proposed physiologic mechanism of OMT and its’ interaction with the ANS. Small studies have documented changes, namely heart rate variability, in autonomic processes in healthy individuals while other, older studies have found benefit in clinical variables. With few exceptions however, most of these studies lacked a particular technique protocol. Operators were free to use whatever intervention that they chose and most of these studies were not performed under rigorous testing methods with a randomized design. The technique that was evaluated (inhibitory rib-raising) has a documented history from the origins of osteopathic medicine in the United States, and is currently taught to students in osteopathic medical schools as part of their medical education curriculum. Rib-raising is most often taught to enhance the mechanical motion of the ribs, but other paradigms utilize this technique to either enhance or inhibit sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. The evaluation of inhibitory rib-raising or its’ proposed mechanism of action has never been rigorously scrutinized to modern scientific standards. The current study was designed to address that gap with both direct and indirect measurement of SNS variable in healthy individuals with the hypothesis that there would be a time-dependent, graded reduction in measured sympathetic nervous system activity (MSNA) in healthy individuals undergoing cold-pressor stimulus.Item Interexaminer Reliability of Somatic Palpatory Findings Associated with Chronic Low Back Pain(2002-05-01) Russo, David P.; Scott Stoll; John C. Licciardone; Russell GamberRusso, David P., Interexaminer Reliability of Somatic Palpatory Findings Associated with Chronic Low Back Pain. Master of Science, May 2002, 15 pp., 1 table, 1 figure, bibliography, 26 titles. Osteopathic physicians rely on specific clinical palpatory tests to diagnose somatic dysfunction of the neuromusculoskeletal system. The purpose of this study is to compare the interexaminer reliability of six common osteopathic clinical tests to severity ratings of somatic dysfunction in six body regions. Ten trained and clinically supervised predoctoral osteopathic manipulative medicine fellows collected palpatory data using the Standardized Outpatient Osteopathic Soap Note Form (SNF) and recorded findings for six pre-selected osteopathic clinical diagnostic tests as part of a randomized controlled trial of osteopathic manipulative treatment for chronic low back pain. Kappa coefficients were used to assess overall examiner agreement for the osteopathic clinical tests. Intraclass correlational coefficients (ICC) and Chronbach’s alpha were used to assess examiner agreement for the severity ratings. Kappa values for the six clinical tests ranged from 0 to 0.32. The single item ICC was 0.32, average item ICC was .74, and the coefficient alpha for internal consistency of the six body region scores was 0.80. These results indicate that diagnostic impressions of somatic dysfunction severity may be more reliable than outcomes from isolated osteopathic clinical tests.Item Lateral Curvature of the Spine and Round Shoulders(P. Blakiston's Son& Co., 1907-01-01) Lovett, RobertItem Manual of Therapeutics(Parke, Davis, & Company, 1909-01-01)Item Medical Gymnastics and Massage in General Practice(P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1926-01-01) Dobbie, Mina; Arvedson, J.Item Medical Students' Knowledge of and Attitudes About Complementary and Alternative Medicine Before and After an Integrated Clinical Experience Learning Module(2003-05-01) Stupski, Bernard A.; Scott Stoll; Muriel Marshall; Russell GamberStupski, Bernard A., Medical Students’ Knowledge of and Attitudes about Complementary and Alternative Medicine before and after an Integrated Clinical Experience Learning Module, Master of Science, May 2003, 2 pp., 2 tables, bibliography, 13 titles. Background: Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is an important health care trend that is drawing increasing attention from medical schools. An educational program, the Integrated Clinical Experience (ICE), was instituted at the Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine to address CAM for second year medical students. Methods: A thirty-five question survey developed to measure the students’ knowledge of and attitudes about CAM was given at the beginning and end of the ICE week. Results: Students had significantly more knowledge about CAM prevalence following the ICE week. Students perceived greater efficacy and relevance in education for certain CAM modalities and felt more likely to incorporate CAM into their clinical practice and use CAM for self care.Item N-Acylethanolamine Signaling in Neurons(2008-12-01) Duncan, Raymond Scott; Koulen, Peter; Simpkins, James; Forster, MichaelDuncan, Raymond S., N-acylethanolamine signaling in neurons. Doctor of Philosophy (Biomedical Sciences), December 2008, 356 pp., 1 table, 70 illustrations, bibliography, 576 titles. Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease are and will continue to be significant health problems as the aging population increases. The maintenance of neuronal calcium homeostasis has been a focus in degenerative disease research for many years. Within the last several years, lipids that activate cannabinoid receptors, and thus called cannabinoids, have gained recognition as neuroprotectants in models of neurodegenerative diseases. A subset of these cannabinoids, the N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), includes the well characterized neuroprotective lipid, arachidonylethanolamine. Other NAEs, such as palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), are more abundant in neurons and do not activate cannabinoid receptors, suggesting other targets for these lipids exist. Since non-cannabinoid NAEs rapidly accumulate after neuronal injury, it is likely they play a role in cellular responses to injury. Interestingly, some NAEs can alter intracellular Ca2+ signaling, but the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. I hypothesized that the non-cannabinoid NAEs, such as PEA, protect the hippocampal cell line, HT22, from oxidative stress in part by reducing intracellular calcium release. I determined that HT22 cells and cultured mouse cortical neurons express proteins involved in NAE signaling, thus warranting the use of pharmacological inhibitors of these proteins in subsequent neuroprotection studies. Using HT22 cells, I determined that PEA exhibitis antiproliferative effects and neuroprotects against oxidative stress. In addition, I determined that PEA facilitates the nuclear translocation of putative protective proteins that can be regulated by Ca2+ through a mechanism not involving cannabinoid receptor activation. These findings led me to hypothesize that PEA alters release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. To test this hypothesis, I determined that our cell models express inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) both of which are intracellular Ca2+ channels elevated in response to oxidative stress. I determined that treatment of HT22 cells with PEA reduced intracellular Ca2+ release elicited by chemical depolarization with KCI. My results suggest that non-cannabinoid NAEs, such as PEA, protect the hippocampal cell line, HT22, from oxidative stress in part by activating putative neuroprotective signaling proteins and by reducing intracellular calcium release.Item North Texas Health & Science - 2011, Issue 1(University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 2011-01-01)Item North Texas Health & Science - 2012, Issue 1(University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 2012-01-01)
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