Browsing by Subject "Anatomy"
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Item A Novel Curriculum: Integrating Anatomy, Osteopathic Principles and Practice, and Clinical skills.(2011-05-01) Colston, John S.; Cruser, des AngesThe purpose of this project was to create and test a novel curricular model integrating anatomy, osteopathic principles and practice, and clinical skills. The curricular model was created through collaborative effort with a multi-discipline advisory group. The model’s effectiveness was assessed in two separate learning events involving medical students and pre-medical students. Knowledge assessments and opinion surveys distributed pre and post-learning event demonstrated a positive trend toward knowledge acquisition and support of the curricular model. Implementation of the novel curriculum was successful, producing desired learning outcomes and demonstrating the value of integrating clinical context with basic sciences. Further research and implementation of a more complete version of the model is warranted.Item A review of musculoskeletal adaptations in individuals following major lower-limb amputation(Hylonome Publications, 2022-06-01) Finco, M. G.; Kim, Suhhyun; Ngo, Wayne; Menegaz, Rachel A.Structural musculoskeletal adaptations following amputation, such as bone mineral density (BMD) or muscle architecture, are often overlooked despite their established contributions to gait rehabilitation and the development of adverse secondary physical conditions. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the existing literature investigating musculoskeletal adaptations in individuals with major lower-limb amputations to inform clinical practice and provide directions for future research. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for original peer-reviewed studies that included individuals with transtibial or transfemoral amputations. Summary data of twenty-seven articles indicated reduced BMD and increased muscle atrophy in amputees compared to controls, and in the amputated limb compared to intact and control limbs. Specifically, BMD was reduced in T-scores and Z-scores, femoral neck, and proximal tibia. Muscle atrophy was evidenced by decreased thigh cross-sectional area, decreased quadriceps thickness, and increased amounts of thigh fat. Overall, amputees have impaired musculoskeletal health. Future studies should include dysvascular etiologies to address their effects on musculoskeletal health and functional mobility. Moreover, clinicians can use these findings to screen increased risks of adverse sequelae such as fractures, osteopenia/porosis, and muscular atrophy, as well as target specific rehabilitation exercises to reduce these risks.Item Age Related Changes in Rabbit Cornea: Permeability and Membrane Properties(1994-12-01) Tai-Lee, Ke; Clark, Abbot F.; Gracy, Robert W.; McConathy, Walter J.Ke, Tai-Lee, Age Related Changes in Rabbit Cornea: Permeability and Membrane Properties. Doctor of Philosophy (Biochemistry), December, 1994, 139 pp., 26 tables, 13 illustrations, bibliography, 117 titles. This investigation was designed to characterize age-related changes in corneal function and biochemical structure. The specific aims were to: 1) systematically assess changes in permeability to compounds of different molecular weights and lipophilicities, 2) examine differences in tissue binding by utilizing a theoretical transport model, and 3) evaluate the biochemical changes in lipid composition and distribution. Experiments to compare young (six weeks) versus old (three to four years) rabbit corneal permeability were carried out utilizing an in vitro diffusion model. Changes in corneal transmembrane resistance, permeability to various compounds, and metabolic capability were examined by various analytical techniques. In addition, a theoretical penetration model which took into account stromal binding was studied. Corneal lipid composition and distribution were assessed by HPLC and GC. in corneal transmembrane resistance, permeability to various compounds, and metabolic capability were examined by various analytical techniques. In addition, a theoretical penetration model which took into account stromal binding was studied. Corneal lipid composition and distribution were assessed by HPLC and GC. Permeabilities of selected compounds with different physicochemical properties were evaluated in young and old intact and denuded (wounded) rabbit corneas. With age, the membrane permeability significantly decreased in parallel with an increase in transmembrane resistance. Age-related changes in activities of esterase and phosphatase were also found. For some compounds, the aged corneas exhibited longer lag times in penetration studies. This suggested that the binding constant in the cornea from older animals was higher than in young animals. Maximum binding capacity from theoretical model calculations correlated well with experimental results in the young corneal stroma but correlation was less rigorous for old corneal stroma. Age-related changes in lipid composition and distribution in corneas were observed and provide indirect evidence for a decrease in membrane fluidity (decrease in the ratio of phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin) in the aged cornea. Results indicate that the aging process in the cornea is associated with changes in biochemical structural matrix including membrane lipid composition and physical properties such as fluidity (microviscosity). Functional correlations include changes in: 1) transmembrane resistance, 2) membrane permeability, 3) enzymatic activities (esterase and phosphatase), and 4) binding properties of the cornea. A possible mechanism for understanding and developing an intervention for age-related changes in the cornea is postulated.Item An Anatomical Approach to Lower Extremity Reconstructive Surgery(2017-05-01) Wood, Addison R.; Rita Patterson; Nicoleta Bugnariu; Michael J. ForsterOrthopaedic surgery of the lower extremity can be approached in several ways, but many times it is divided into soft tissue and boney reconstructive modalities. Orthopaedic sports surgery subspecialists tend to focus on soft tissue reconstruction; often with the goal of restoring as much natural motion as possible. Adult reconstructive orthopaedic surgery subspecialists often focus on boney alignment and use implants to replace degenerated cartilage and bone. There is significant overlap in these subspecialties as both make use of implants to mimic the structure and function of native anatomy to drive stability and motion. This dissertation focuses on the intersection of biomechanics, anatomy, and clinical orthopaedics of these two subspecialties. These areas are addressed through investigation of anatomical variation, muscular architecture, simulator design and construction, and comparative effectiveness via in vitro simulation. Native anatomy directs all functions of the lower extremity via muscle forces, bone, and soft tissue. We demonstrate first that native anatomy is variable and is largely subject specific through a simple case report on bilateral tendinous foramina to serve as an example as one of many variations that can occur with anatomy. Many generalities are made with anatomy in assuming everything looks like a textbook, but in reality surgeons approach and consider each patient’s specific anatomy when performing surgery. This translates over to the basic science research realm where experimental input and methods should subject specific as well in attempts to simulate kinematics of in vivo subjects. Muscle forces are integral to proper kinematics and in vitro simulation. We describe the muscular architecture of the popliteus muscle with physiological cross sectional area (PCSA) and muscle trajectory data. Analysis revealed that females are capable of producing more force in their popliteus muscle in proportion to their semimembranosus muscle than males. In addition, significant differences were found between male and female PCSA. The popliteus muscle trajectory data when combined with muscle force data suggests the popliteus muscle plays a significant dynamic role in knee kinematics. The popliteus has only been studied as a static muscle in prior literature. Our data suggests that treating the popliteus muscle as a dynamic figure in the knee would allow improved simulations focused on native knee kinematics and kinetics. During cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA) the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is an important structural determinant of motion. The PCL is at risk for damage during surgery as one of the tibial bone cuts is directly oriented towards the tibial PCL attachment. An effectiveness study was performed to examine prevention of iatrogenic PCL injuries using an osteotome in a simulated surgical environment using cadavers. The use of an osteotome was found to have an absolute risk reduction of 50% when compared to the control group which did not use an osteotome to protect the PCL. The use of an osteotome to preserve the PCL during CR TKA by forming a bone island was found to be an effective means of protecting the PCL over standard technique. This method is hypothesized to reduce the incidence of instability and knee joint laxity after CR TKA by maintaining the PCL and therefore kinematic quality. Simulators enable mimicry of clinically relevant maneuvers performed in vivo with expanded potential to perform research considered unethical on living subjects. The creation of 3 separate simulators enabled description of clinically relevant kinematic situations in the knee and ankle. The University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNT HSC) ankle rig was designed to mimic an external rotational stress test of the ankle by an examiner. It allows simultaneous measurement of torque about the ankle, ultrasound imaging, and 3-dimensional motion tracking as a moment is applied to the ankle. This rig was of novel design and allows for controlled static positioning of the ankle with 6 degrees of freedom of control. In addition, it can allow 6 degrees of freedom to occur unconstrained if necessary. The UNT HSC ankle rig was used to stress test syndesmosis fixation using suture-button and internal brace constructs. The other 2 simulators represent a progression of improvement from a basic passive knee rig to a more advanced muscle loading knee rig. The initial simulator loaded the quadriceps and hamstrings through 1 line of action each while allowing the knee to passively flex and extend. The second-generation design was based on the muscle loading rig from The University of Kansas. It uses 3 lines of action to load the quadriceps and 2 lines of action to load the hamstrings with anatomically correct trajectories while allowing the knee to passively flex and extend. These simulators were built to enable in vitro simulations of the knee and ankle to describe kinematic changes from lower extremity reconstructive surgery. Ankle syndesmosis injuries are common and are traditionally treated with simple cortical screw fixation. Newer implants like the suture-button and internal brace seek to restore physiological motion at the syndesmosis by mimicking native structure and function. We used the UNT HSC ankle rig to demonstrate the ability of combinational fixation constructs to restore physiological motion at the syndesmosis. The results indicate a combined suture-button and internal brace construct more closely resembles physiologic ankle syndesmosis kinematics than the suture-button alone. In addition, we described the mechanism through which this occurs. The suture-button or internal brace alone do not adequately restrain motion, but together they do. This is due to the external rotation of the fibula. As the fibula externally rotates it allows the fibula to translate posteriorly more with the suture-button only construct. The internal brace is added to the initial suture-button only construct and restricts external rotation and the resultant vector of restraint from both implants prevents posterolateral directed forces from inducing movement of the fibula. In conclusion, we have described factors effecting physiologic motion through our anatomical variation and muscle architecture data that were applied to in vitro simulations to produce clinically relevant results. These data also show that careful restoration of native anatomical structure can produce more physiological kinematics in the knee and ankle.Item Anatomical Investigation of the Tensor Vastus Intermedius in the Quadriceps Muscle Group(2017-05-01) Collins, Christopher T.; Rehana S. LovelyPast anatomical research has shown examples of fusion of the quadriceps muscle group. Researchers have seen examples of this muscle group exhibiting extra muscle bellies or multiple small flaps. A recent study has confirmed a consistent variation to this muscle group, that could qualify as a new muscle, the tensor vastus intermedius (TVI). This study investigates the presence and type of TVI muscle found in 70 cadavers, with additional focus on the arterial supply to the lateral aspect of the quadriceps muscle group and the variations associated with these vessels. To further understand the function and clinical implications of this new muscle, a large cumulative sample size is necessary to investigate its tendencies and variations. These data lend strong support to the existence of this new muscle, the TVI.Item Anatomy in a Nutshell or Questions and Answers with Explanatory Notes(Democrat Print, 1899-01-01) Laughlin, WilliamItem Atlas and Textbook of Topographic and Applied Anatomy(W.B. Saunders & Company, 1905-01-01) Stewart, George; Schultze, OskarItem Auditory Impairment and Falls: Investigating the Link Between Hearing Loss and Falls among Elderly Individuals(2013-08-01) Villarreal, Adrian R.; Nicoleta BugnariuRecent studies show that hearing acuity correlates with postural balance, a prerequisite for mobility, and impaired hearing is associated with greater risk for falls. A possible connection between impaired hearing and falls in elderly adults could be that awareness resources may be taxed as cognitive load is increased when people with hearing impairment try to interpret what they hear. This practicum report investigated if an increased cognitive load due to auditory impairments in elderly individuals with hearing loss leads to imbalance while walking. Subjects are placed in a virtual reality world and subjects with and without hearing loss, wearing or not wearing their hearing aids will be monitored as they stand, walk, and listen under various conditions. The outcome measures analyzed were gait speed, medial-lateral and vertical displacement of an estimated center of mass, and average hearing scores. The overall goal was to gain a better understanding of the link between hearing and balance to offer new insight into prevention of falls among the elderly. Although no significant comparisons were observed between hearing impaired subjects on gait speed and center of mass displacement measures, it is important to note that not enough subjects have been observed with their hearing aids to make accurate comparisons. In addition to the experimental study, this practicum report briefly discussed the managerial tasks observed in ensuring the study follows the required guidelines involving human subjects.Item Dr. A. T. Still, Founder of Osteopathy(The Osteopathic Publishing Co., 1918-01-01) Lane, M.Item EXTENSOR INDICIS BREVIS: A RARE ANATOMICAL VARIANT OF THE UPPER LIMB(2013-04-12) Nguyen, VuviPurpose: The purpose of this study was to further investigate the finding of a unique structure, the extensor indicis brevis muscle, found on the dorsum of the hand of a 74 year-old cadaver in the anatomy laboratory at the UNT Health Science Center. Methods: To completely reveal the muscle and its unique variation, first we identified that the normal extensor indicis muscle was missing in the forearm. Next, the tendon of the variant was located and traced to its muscle belly. Once located, skin and fascia were carefully removed on the dorsum of the hand to reveal its origin. Using precise dissection techniques, both the tendons attachment and the origin of the muscle belly were cleaned for identification of attachment sites. Results: The extensor indicis muscle normally originates from the posterior surface of the distal third of the ulna and the interosseus membrane of the forearm. Instead, the identified muscle was found exclusively on the dorsum of the left hand. It had an origin from the posterior surface of the scaphoid bone. This anomaly was found unilaterally. The extensor indicis muscle on the right forearm of this cadaver had a normal origin from the ulna and interosseous membrane. Both the extensor indicis brevis on the dorsum of the left hand and the extensor indicis muscle of the right forearm had normal insertions into the extensor expansion of the 2nd digit. Conclusions: The earliest known case report of this anatomical anomaly was found in a 19- year-old male patient in 1961 (Bingold). Other reports have indicated the extensor indicis brevis is often found bilaterally. However, in this cadaver it was revealed to be unilateral only. Diagnosis of patients with this rare variant has occurred from complaints of pain and swelling in the dorsum of the hand, often leading to its discovery during surgery. However, it is highly likely that some individuals would go throughout their lives without ever knowing they had an anomalous extensor indicis brevis muscle. From the initial description of the extensor indicis brevis, reports indicate the rarity of this anatomical variant to be found in approximately 0.6% to 2.6% of specimens.Item History and Bibliography of Anatomic Illustration(The University of Chicago Press, 1920-11-01) Frank, Mortimer; Choulant, LudwigItem Lateral Curvature of the Spine and Round Shoulders(P. Blakiston's Son& Co., 1907-01-01) Lovett, RobertItem Lymphatic Pump Treatment Mobilizes Leukocytes from the Gastrointestinal Associated Lymphoid Tissue(2008-12-01) Bearden, Melissa K.; Simecka, Jerry; Downey, H. Fred; Machu, TinaBearden, Melissa K., Lymphatic Pump Treatment Mobilizes Leukocytes from the Gastrointestinal Associated Lymphoid Tissue. Master of Science (Microbiology and Immunology), December, 2008, 39 pp., 4 tables, 5 illustrations, references, 40 titles. Lymphatic flow and the migration ofleukocytes are important to maintaining health. One treatment used to improve lymph flow is abdominal lymphatic pump treatment (LPT), which is thought to increase lymph return from the abdominal area. Previous research has shown the LPT increases lymph flow and leukocyte numbers in thoracic duct lymph, but further investigation into the specific cell types and their sources are needed. Through sampling the thoracic and intestinal lymph ducts, as well as the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), it was seen that there is an increase in cell output in the thoracic and intestinal ducts and the MLN during LPT as compared to baseline. This increase in cell output may help to augment the immune response during infection.Item Maintaining Balance in Conditions of Sensory Conflict.(2013-08-01) Appleby, Lindsay N.; Rita PattersonThe purpose of this practicum project was to investigate the effect of aging during a dual-task paradigm involving a postural and cognitive task. The aim was to examine the coordination between postural control involving upper extremity movements and cognitive decision making in conditions corresponding to functional realities. A dynamic virtual environment was used to measure postural sway and performance. Older adults had increased response times and accuracy compared to younger adults. Sway increased for both age groups, with a larger effect on the older subjects, as the cognitive task complexity increased. These results support observations that postural balance is influenced by the concurrent performance of a cognitive task and that performance of a cognitive task appears to have a more deleterious effect on postural control in older adults compared to young.Item Malingering and Feigned Sickness(Edward Arnold, 1917-01-01) Collie, JohnItem Manual of Therapeutics(Parke, Davis, & Company, 1909-01-01)Item Medical Gymnastics and Massage in General Practice(P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1926-01-01) Dobbie, Mina; Arvedson, J.Item Medical Jurisprudence: Forensic Medicine and Toxicology(1906-01-01) Becker, Tracy; Witthaus, R.Item Physical Culture Classics: Building Vitality(E.R. Dumont, 1909-01-01) Fleming, WilliamItem Physical Culture Classics: Pertinant Statements by the Masters(E.R. Dumont, 1909-01-01) Fleming, William