Browsing by Subject "Behavioral Disciplines and Activities"
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Item Establishing the Effects of Exercise Schema and Self-Schema on Emotional Distress(2003-08-01) Rodriguez, Leslie R.; Claudia Coggin; Joseph Doster; Daisha CipherRodriguez, Leslie R., BSN, RN, Establishing the Effects of Exercise Schema and Self-Schema on Emotional Distress. Masters of Public Health (Health Behavior), August 2003, 78 pp., 4 tables, references, 81 titles. Chronic diseases’ resulting from anger and depression represents a significant problem. Vast amounts of resources and dollars are expended and utilized. Their link to the development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes is recognized. Physical activity produces improvements in self-esteem, increased alertness, and decreased anxiety. The purpose of this study was determining the effect exercise and exercise schema has on mood states. College age students (N=198) of a large North Texas University were recruited. Data collection included States of change, the Exerciser self-schema questionnaire, Clinical Analysis Questionnaire, and the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Significance in some mood states of those who were exercising and exercise schematic were found.Item Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes Twenty-five Years of Objective Study of the Higher Nervous Activity (Behaviour) of Animals(International Publishers, 1928-01-01) Gantt, W.; Volborth, G.; Cannon, Walter; Pavlov, IvanTranslator's Preface 9 I. P. Pavlov: A Biographical Sketch, By Dr. W. Horsley Gantt . 11 Introduction To The English Translation, By Prof. Walter B. Cannon 33 Author's Preface To The English Translation 35 Preface To The First Russian Edition • 37 Chapter. I. Experimental Psychology And Psycho-Pathology In Animals – 47 II. . The Psychical Secretion Of The Salivary Glands (Complex Nervous Phenomena In The Work Of The Salivary Glands) 61 III. The First Sure Steps Along The Path Of A New Investigation 76 IV. Scientific Study Of The So-Called Psychical Processes In The Higher Animals 81 V. Conditioned Reflexes In Dogs After Destruction Of Different Parts Of The Cerebral Hemispheres 97 VI. The Cortical Taste Centre Of Dr. Gorshkov 99 VII. Mechanism Of The Highest Parts Of The Central Nervous System As Shown From The Study Of The Conditioned Reflexes 100 VIII. Further Advances Of The Objective Analysis Of Complex Nervous Phenomena, And Its Comparison With The IX. Subjective Conception Of These Phenomena • 103 X. Some General Facts About The Cerebral Centres , 115 XI. Natural Science And The Brain 120 XII. The Task And The Arrangement Of A Laboratory For The Study Of The Normal Activity Of The Highest Parts Of The Central Nervous System In The Higher Animals • 131 XIII. A Laboratory For The Study Of The Activity Of The Central Nervous System In The Higher Animals 144 XIV. The Food Centre • 147 XV. Some Fundamental Laws Of The Work Of The Cerebral Hemispheres 156 XVI. Destruction Of The Skin Analyser 165 XVII. The Process Of Differentiation Of Stimulations In The Hemispheres Of The Brain 170 XVIII. Some Principles Of The Activity Of The Central Nervous System As Shown From The Study Of Conditioned Reflexes ; Interaction Of Centres 182 XIX. Summary Of Results Of Removal Of Different Parts Of The Cerebral Hemispheres 193 XX. Internal Inhibition As A Function Of The Cerebral Hemispheres 205 XXI. The Objective Study Of The Highest Nervous Activity Of Animals . 213 XXII. The Study Of The Highest Nervous Activity • 223 XXIII. The Instability (Lability) Of Internal Inhibition In Conditioned Reflexes . 238 XXIV. The Pure Physiology Of The Brain 241 XXV. Some Facts About The Physiology Of Sleep 250 XXVI. An Analysis Of Some Complex Reflexes In The Dog; And The Relative Strength And Tension Of Several Centres 255 XXVII. Physiology And Psychology In The Study Of The Higher Nervous Activity Of Animals 261 XXVIII. The Reflex Of Purpose 275 XXIX. The Reflex Of Freedom 282 XXX. How Psychiatry May Help Us To Understand The Physiology Of The Cerebral Hemispheres 287 XXXI. Hypnotism In Animals 294 XXXII. The Normal Activity And General Constitution Of The Cerebral Hemispheres . 296 XXXIII. Internal Inhibition And Sleep-One And The Same Process 305 XXXIV. Changes In The Excitability Of Various Points Of The Cerebral Cortex As One Of Its Functional Characteristics 319 XXXV. Another Problem In Cerebral Physiology 326 XXXVI. The Latest Successes Of The Objective Study Of The Highest Nervous Activity 329 XXXVII. Relation Between Excitation And Inhibition And Their Delimitations; Experimental Neuroses In Dogs 339 XXXVIII. Effect Of Interrupting The Experimentation In Dogs With Conditioned Reflexes 350 XXXIX. Normal And Pathological States Of The Hemispheres 353 XL. The Inhibitory Type Of Nervous Systems In The Dog 363 XLI. A Physiological Study Of The Types Of Nervous Systems, I.E., Of Temperaments • 370 XLII. Certain Problems In The Physiology Of The Cerebral Hemispheres 379 Bibliography • 395 Index To Names 409 Index To .Subjects 410Item Nutrition, Dementia and Depression in an Ambulatory Geriatric Care Center(2005-05-01) Birmingham, John F.; Daisha Cipher; Douglas A. Mains; Thomas J. FairchildBirmingham, John F., Nutritional Risk, Dementia Factors and Depression in an Ambulatory Geriatric Care Center. Master’s of Public Health (Clinical Research), May 2005, 60pp., 7 tables, 2 figures, reference list, 56 titles. Dementia is a major public health problem in the aging population. Depression, nutritional risk and declining self-efficacy are broadly listed risk factors for dementia. Cross-sectional patient data was obtained by chart review of ambulatory community-dwelling elderly patients screened for depression, dementia factors, levels of independence in activities associated with daily living and nutritional risk. The statistical coefficients of the correlational relationships between nutritional risks, dementia factors, depression levels and levels of functional capacity were examined using path analysis. Two models depicted the composite of instrumental activities of daily living items (IADLs), as they related to the dependent variables models, nutritional risk, dementia factors, and depression levels. The model which regressed the IADLs composite variable against depression and dementia factors indicated a good fit (X2=0.00, p=0.01). Attempts to match screening data with diagnostic follow-up data were unsuccessful. Only 12 matches occurred between the GAP and CARE databases (N=256, N=1470).Item Sensitization to Cocaine: Behavioral and Genetic Characterization(1998-04-01) Odom, Linda Ann; Michael Forster; Glenn Dillon; Harbans LalOdom, Linda Ann, Sensitization to Cocaine: Behavioral and Genetic Characterization. Doctor of Philosophy (Pharmacology). April 1998, 141 pages, 2 tables, 23 figures, 89 references. Conditioned associations between environmental context and cocaine effects may play a significant role in acquisition and maintenance of cocaine dependence. Conditioning may also contribute significantly to cocaine sensitization, a leftward shift in the cocaine dose-response curve that is attributable to cocaine pre-exposure. Both studies examined the sensitization of cocaine’s behavioral effects after one or four prior exposures to cocaine in two distinct environments, allowing evaluation of the acquisition and magnitude of sensitization to cocaine and the contribution of conditioning to sensitization. An extinction component was added to the second study to allow determination of persistence of context-dependent sensitization in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. The purpose of the first study was to fully characterize the quantity and quality of the sensitized behavioral response to cocaine in Swiss Webster mice and to determine parameters for sensitization in the second study. Results of this study indicated that pairing cocaine to the testing environment resulted in a leftward shift of the dose-response curves for both horizontal and stereotypy measures and a concurrent decrease in maximal effect of cocaine on horizontal distance and an increase in maximal effect of cocaine on horizontal distance and an increase in maximal effect of cocaine on stereotypy. The multivariate behavior profile indicated that the sensitized response to cocaine was best observed in response to 1 to 5 mg/kg cocaine, and that the conditioned response elicited by saline following cocaine pre-exposure closely resembled the 10 mg/kg acute cocaine response. The overall purpose of the second study was to determine if genetic differences in various aspects of such conditioned associations could contribute to individual differences in cocaine dependence. It was determined that, although DBA/2 mice had a faster rate of acquisition of context-dependent sensitization to cocaine than C57/BL6 mice, the multivariate behavior profile of the conditioned response of C57BL/6 mice resembled the behavior observed with a higher dose of acute cocaine and had greater magnitude and greater persistence than that of DBA/2 mice, which may explain in part the susceptibility of the C57BL/6 mice to cocaine dependence.Item The Effects of Media Exposure on Alcohol Consumption Patters within the African American Population(2005-05-01) Miller, Vanessa G.; Lykens, Kristine; Quinn, James; Cipher, DaishaMiller, Vanessa G., The Effects of Media Exposure on Alcohol Consumption Patterns within the African American Population. Doctor of Public Health (Health Management and Policy), May 2005, 206 pp., 62 tables, 8 illustrations, references, 77 titles. Objectives- The study examined the role of media exposure on alcohol consumption patterns in the African American population. In studying the role of media exposure, the study also examined the role of ethnicity, mood/affect, socio-demographic factors and religion on alcohol consumption patterns in this population. Methods- Secondary analysis of the General Social Survey (GSS), 1972-2002 cumulative data file was used to provide quantitative estimates of the relationship between media exposure, ethnicity, mood/affect, socio-demographic factors, and religiosity as predictors of alcohol consumption. Path analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of these concepts on alcohol consumption patterns. Results- Watching television and reading the newspaper were significant predictors of alcohol use. Watching television had a positive effect on alcohol use; but only in the absence of religiosity. When religiosity was present, as indicated by religious affiliation and attendance at religious services, watching television had a significant negative effect on alcohol use. Reading the newspaper had a negative effect on alcohol use; but this effect was not very significant. Watching TV also had a significant positive effect on alcohol abuse. Reading the newspaper had an effect on alcohol abuse but this effect was not significant. IN the presence of religiosity, neither watching TV nor reading the newspaper had a significant effect on alcohol abuse. The effects of religiosity could also be seen on the relationships between alcohol consumption and socializing patterns, age, sex, ethnicity, and income. The year of the GSS survey had a significant positive effect of television viewing and a significant negative effect on reading the newspaper. Race did not have a significant effect on alcohol use or abuse. Conclusion- This research has significant policy implications, as it indicates that exposure to media, thus exposure to advertising, had an effect on alcohol consumption. Religiosity appeared to act as a protective mechanism against the adverse effects of media exposure, as they relate to alcohol consumption. This research provides support for the implementation of more faith-based initiatives to combat substance abuse (especially alcohol abuse). It also sets the foundation for additional research on the effects of advertising on alcohol consumption, looking at the media revolution of the 21st century.Item The Influence of Acculturation and Psychosocial Factors on Glycemic Control in Mexicans and Mexican Americans with Type II Diabetes(2007-04-01) Ross, Sarah; Luz Chiapa, Ana; Cardarelli, Roberto; Sanders, MarkRoss, Sarah., The Influence of Acculturation and Psychosocial Factors on Glycemic Control in Mexicans and Mexican Americans with Type II Diabetes. Master of Science (Biomedical Sciences), April, 2007, 51 pp., 5 tables, 1 figure, bibliography. Type 2 diabetes is prevalent among Mexican Americans. Tight glycemic control helps delay diabetic complications. This project aims to identify characteristics that contribute to poor glycemic control in this population. Mexican/Mexican American type 2 diabetics completed questionnaires measuring acculturation and psychosocial factors. This data was analyzed to assess the relationship of the factors and glycemic control as measured by HemoglobinA1C. Results demonstrated that subjects who felt that diabetes interfered with daily life and were dissatisfied with their physician’s answers to diabetes questions had poor glycemic control. Significant differences between acculturation groups’ responses to psychosocial measures were also found. Further studies may more accurately define the influence of acculturation on glycemic control in this population.Item The Prevalence of Behaviors Used to Make & Maintain Weight Among Male Horse Jockeys(2001-05-01) Dodson, Martha A.; Gonzalez, AdelaObjective: Determine the prevalence of weight loss behaviors used by male jockeys to make and maintain weight. Design: An original survey instrument was developed. The pilot study was distributed in a random, anonymous manner. Setting: Lone Star Park, Grand Prairie, Texas and Sunland Park, Sunland Park, New Mexico in December 2000 and January 2001 meetings respectively. Subjects: Twenty-nine male jockeys with a mean age of 34 years and mean racing career of 14 years. Mean weight was 116 pounds, mean height was 66 inches and mean body mass index was 19.6 kg/m2. Twelve jockeys were from Lone Star Park and 17 were from Sunland Park. No female jockeys participated. Results: SPSS Version 10.0 was used for data analysis. The prevalence of current usage of methods to make and maintain weight among the jockeys was 62%. The hot box was used by 85%, diuretics and semi-starvation were each used by 60%, excessive exercise 45% and flipping by 15%. The average number of methods used was 3. The hot box was the primary method used. Two of 20 jockeys felt they had an eating disorder. Conclusion: The prevalence of disordered eating behaviors among male horse jockeys is greater than that for the general male population. Their low mean body mass index may reflect a malnourished state. Pathological eating behaviors can result in a myriad of clinical abnormalities that can be deleterious to a jockey’s health and athletic performance. A national study of jockeys’ methods to make and maintain weight is recommended. Key Words: Eating disorder – disordered eating – weight-loss – athlete – jockeyItem The Relationship Between Chewing Gum, Attention and Concentration: A Randomized Controlled Trial(2005-07-01) Virgilio, Richard F.; Licciardone, John C.; Sanders, Mark; Fulda, KimberlyVirgilio, Richard F., The Relationship Between Chewing Gum, Attention and Concentration: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Master of Science (Clinical Research and Education: Family Medicine), July, 2005, 44 pp., 12 tables, bibliography, 23 titles. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to determine what relationship, if any, exists between the act of chewing gum and the study subject’s score on a standardized test for attention and concentration. To achieve this goal, a convenience sample of 201 graduate students were randomly assigned to one of three study groups (gum containing sugar, sugarless gum, and no gum control) before taking a standardized test which measured various aspects of attention and concentration. There was no significant difference among subjects who chewed gum and those who did not chew gum with regard to the levels of attention and concentration measured by the standardized test taken during this study.