Browsing by Subject "Body Mass Index"
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Item ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND BIRTH DEFECTS - CLEFT LIP AND CLEFT PALATE: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY(2013-04-12) Momoh, JanePurpose: Orofacial clefts (cleft lip and cleft palate) are birth defects that occur during early stages of prenatal development resulting from incomplete closures of facial structures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2005) estimated that each year 2,651 babies in the U.S. are born with cleft palate and 4,437 babies are born with cleft lip with or without a cleft palate. The causes of orofacial clefts are unknown but thought to be caused by a combination of genes, family history, and exposure to smoking, alcohol, maternal diet, medication use, diabetes, and being obese. The main purpose of our study is to test whether there is an association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and oral cleft disorders. Methods: We analyzed data on orofacial clefts live births using Texas birth defects registry from 1999 thru 2009 in five counties. The study employed case-control design with randomly matched controls and live birth cases (N= 2887). We used univariate for descriptive, bivariate to assess associations, and logistic regression analysis with BMI as our main risk factor to estimate the adjusted odds with 95% confidence intervals. The incidence rates for each year were estimated per 1000 live births to examine the trend. Results: At the bivariate level, BMI and educational level were significantly associated with oral clefts. Results from the regression analysis indicated that mothers who are obese have nearly 1? times higher odds of having a child with oral clefts when compared to normal weight mothers. Mothers with low educational level also had elevated odds of having a child with oral clefts after adjusting for other confounders. Trend data showed that Tarrant County had higher rate of orofacial defects from 1999 through 2006. Conclusions: Our study suggests a possible risk of orofacial clefts associated with maternal weight and low educational level. Public Health campaigns need to emphasize the importance of peri-conceptional health and pre-pregnancy planning. It is critical to educate women on the importance of diet and nutrition, in particular those with low educational level.Item Comparison of Dietary Micronutrient Intakes by Body Weight Status among Mexican-American and Non-Hispanic Black Women Aged 19-39 Years: An Analysis of NHANES 2003-2014(MDPI, 2019-11-20) Liu, Jialiang; Zhu, Xiangzhu; Fulda, Kimberly G.; Chen, Shande; Tao, Meng-HuaThe objective of the current study was to examine micronutrient intake from foods in women of childbearing age and to better understand potential nutritional problems varied by body weight status in minority women. A sample of women aged 19-39 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003-2014 was analyzed. Dietary intakes of 13 micronutrients were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. Mexican-American and non-Hispanic Black women were categorized into normal/under-weight, overweight, or obese groups according to their body mass index (BMI). Mexican-American and non-Hispanic Black women had lower dietary intakes for vitamins A, B2, B6, B12, and D, folate, calcium, and magnesium than non-Hispanic Whites. Among Mexican-Americans, obese women had the lowest dietary intake of vitamins A, B2, C and D. Obese non-Hispanic Black women had significantly lower dietary intakes of iron and zinc than their normal/under-weight counterparts. Comparable percentages (>30%) of Mexican-American and non-Hispanic Black women had dietary intake less than the Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) for several key nutrients including vitamin A, C and D, folate, calcium and magnesium, and the percentages varied by body weight status. These results indicate micronutrient inadequacies persist among and within racial/ethnic and body weight groups.Item Food Choice Priorities Change Over Time and Predict Dietary Intake at the End of the First Year of College Among Students in the U.S(MDPI, 2018-09-13) Vilaro, Melissa J.; Colby, Sarah E.; Riggsbee, Kristen; Zhou, Wenjun; Byrd-Bredbenner, Carol; Olfert, Melissa D.; Barnett, Tracey E.; Horacek, Tanya; Sowers, Morgan; Mathews, Anne E.This study assessed food choice priorities (FCP) and associations with consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV), fiber, added sugars from non-beverage sources, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) among college students. Freshmen from eight U.S. universities (N = 1149) completed the Food Choice Priorities Survey, designed for college students to provide a way to determine the factors of greatest importance regarding food choices, and the NCI Dietary Screener Questionnaire. Changes in FCP and dietary intake from fall 2015 to spring 2016 were assessed. Multiple regression models examined associations between FCP and log-transformed dietary intake, controlling for sex, age, race, and BMI. Participant characteristics and FCP associations were also assessed. FCP importance changed across the freshmen year and significantly predicted dietary intake. The most important FCP were price, busy daily life and preferences, and healthy aesthetic. Students who endorsed healthy aesthetic factors (health, effect on physical appearance, freshness/quality/in season) as important for food choice, consumed more FV and fiber and less added sugar and SSB. Busy daily life and preferences (taste, convenience, routine, ability to feel full) predicted lower FV, higher added sugar, and higher SSB consumption. Price predicted lower FV, higher SSB, and more added sugar while the advertising environment was positively associated with SSB intake. FCP and demographic factors explained between 2%(-)17% of the variance in dietary intake across models. The strongest relationship was between healthy aesthetic factors and SSB (B = -0.37, p < 0.01). Self-rated importance of factors influencing food choice are related to dietary intake among students. Interventions that shift identified FCP may positively impact students' diet quality especially considering that some FCP increase in importance across the first year of college.