Browsing by Subject "Depression"
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Item A DEPRESSIVE SUBGROUP OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT(2013-04-12) Cushing, BlairPurpose: Late life depression is a risk factor for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). MCI represents a transitional period between normal aging and AD and, therefore, represents a potential entry point for preventing AD. Depression is a risk factor for MCI and AD; however, identifying which MCI patients suffer depression-related cognitive impairment remains difficult. The current study sought to identify a clinically-defined depressed sub group among patients with MCI Methods: Data was analyzed from 519 participants (112 MCI) from Project FRONTIER, an ongoing epidemiological study of factors impacting rural aging and health. Depression was assessed with GDS30 and cognition was assessed using the EXIT 25 and RBANS. The sample was randomly split into the training and test sample. Five GDS items were identified in the training sample that were significantly associated with MCI status and were used to create the depressive endophenotype (DepE) of MCI. In the test sample, linear regression was used to examine the impact of depression on neuropsychological tests performance, and logistic regression was conducted to examine the risk of being diagnosed with MCI. Results: In the test sample, DepE was negatively related to RBANS scores of Immediate Memory (B=-2.22, p<0.001), Visuospatial (B=-1.11, p<0.001), Language (B=-1.03, p<0.001), Attention (B=-2.56, p<0.001), and Delayed Memory (B=-1.54, p<0.001), and higher DepE scores were related to poorer executive functioning (EXIT25; B=0.65, p=0.001). DepE scores significantly increased risk for MCI ([OR]= 2.04; 95% CI=l.54-2.69). Conclusions: These findings suggest that a depressed subgroup of MCI exists. Higher DepE scores increased risk for MCI and increased risk for poorer neuropsychological functioning across a range of domains. The DepE may identify those MCI patients who experience depression-related cognitive dysfunction, thereby detecting a selective group that may benefit from depression treatment for prevention of AD.Item Bodyweight Changes During COVID-19 for Patients Diagnosed with Depression: A Retrospective Cohort Study(2022-05) Arellano Villanueva, Elias; Fulda, Kimberly; Franks, Susan; Schranz, DamonBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented lockdown of millions of Americans from the spring of 2020 to the fall of 2020 This lockdown exacerbated the mental and physical health status of millions of individuals worldwide. Studies done on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and body weight have been important to our understanding of the effects of the pandemic. However, these studies on depression and BMI change have not identified a possible direction of the causality of the relationship between depression and body weight as affected by lockdown measures during a pandemic. Therefore, this study examined whether a diagnosis of depression is associated with changes in BMI during the COVID-19 pandemic for adults (aged ≥ 18 years). Methods: A retrospective cohort study design using EHR data from a family medicine university clinic was utilized. Adults > 18 years who visited the clinic within a 6-month period prior to lockdown and at least once in the 6-month post-lockdown period were included. Diagnosis of depression, BMI, and potential confounding variables were obtained from EHR. Mann-Whitney U was used to compare the median change in BMI between depressed and non-depressed patients Simple linear regression was used to identify the relationship between diagnosis of depression and BMI change. Multiple linear regression was used to control for age, sex, race/ethnicity, medications, and chronic conditions; and to predict age effects in BMI change while stratified by diagnosis of depression and no diagnosis of depression. Results: Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in BMI changes (p=<0.001) between the group diagnosed with depression and the group with no depression. Similarly, a diagnosis of depression significantly predicted BMI changes (p = >0.001]). This significance was maintained even while including confounding variables in the model (p=0.009). Further statistical analysis showed that age between 31 and 50 significantly predicted BMI changes in those patients with no depression while controlling for confounding variables (p = 0.027). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that individuals with depression had significant changes in BMI during the COVID-19 pandemic and age predicted these changes in middle-aged adults (30-50 years old). The significance of this finding places importance in identifying and following up with individuals with a depression diagnosis given the effects on their BMI in extended isolation periods. Future studies could investigate other variables that might impact BMI change to influence the directionality of this relationship. Providing insight into this relationship could enable providers to inform patients that might be at risk for these types of changes over extended periods of isolation, and hopefully result in positive patient health outcomes.Item Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic associated with anxiety and depression among Non-Hispanic whites with chronic conditions in the US(Elsevier B.V., 2022-02-22) Wang, Hao; Paul, Jenny; Ye, Ivana; Blalock, Jake; Wiener, R. Constance; Ho, Amy F.; Alanis, Naomi; Sambamoorthi, UshaOBJECTIVES: During the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, increased anxiety and depression were reported, with mixed findings among individuals of different races/ethnicities. This study examines whether anxiety and depression increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-COVD-19 period among different racial/ethnic groups in the US. METHODS: The Health Information National Trend Surveys 5 (HINTS 5) Cycle 4 data was analyzed. We used the time when the survey was administered as the pre-COVID-19 period (before March 11, 2020, weighted N = 77,501,549) and during the COVID-19 period (on and after March 11, 2020, weighted N = 37,222,019). The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) was used to measure anxiety/depression and further compared before and during COVID-19. Separate multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with anxiety/depression after adjusting for age, sex, insurance, income, and education. RESULT: A higher percentage of Non-Hispanic whites (NHW) with chronic conditions reported anxiety (24.3% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.0021) and depression (20.7% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.0034) during COVID-19 than pre-COVID-19. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of anxiety and depression for NHWs with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic was 2.02 (95% confidence interval of 1.10-3.73, p = 0.025) and 2.33 (1.17-4.65, p = 0.018) compared to NHWs who participated in the survey before the COVID-19. LIMITATIONS: Limited to the NHW US population. PHQ can only be used as the initial screening tool. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased prevalence of anxiety and depression among NHW adults with chronic conditions, but not among people of color.Item Depression, inflammation, and memory loss among Mexican Americans: analysis of the HABLE cohort(Cambridge University Press, 2017-06-20) Johnson, Leigh A.; Edwards, Melissa; Gamboa, Adriana; Hall, James R.; Robinson, Michelle; O'Bryant, Sid E.Background: This study explored the combined impact of depression and inflammation on memory functioning among Mexican-American adults and elders. Methods: Data were analyzed from 381 participants of the Health and Aging Brain study among Latino Elders (HABLE). Fasting serum samples were collected and assayed in duplicate using electrochemiluminesce on the SECTOR Imager 2400A from Meso Scale Discovery. Positive DepE (depression endophenotype) was codified as any score >1 on a five-point scale based on the GDS-30. Inflammation was determined by TNFɑ levels and categorized by tertiles (1st, 2nd, 3rd). WMS-III LMI and LMII as well as CERAD were utilized as measures of memory. ANOVAs examined group differences between positive DepE and inflammation tertiles with neuropsychological scale scores as outcome variables. Logistic regressions were used to examine level of inflammation and DepE positive status on the risk for MCI. Results: Positive DepE as well as higher inflammation were both independently found to be associated with lower memory scores. Among DepE positive, those who were high in inflammation (3rd tertile) were found to perform significantly worse on WMS-III LM I (F = 4.75, p = 0.003), WMS-III LM II (F = 8.18, p < 0.001), and CERAD List Learning (F = 17.37, p < 0.001) when compared to those low on inflammation (1st tertile). The combination of DepE positive and highest tertile of inflammation was associated with increased risk for MCI diagnosis (OR = 6.06; 95% CI = 3.9-11.2, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Presence of elevated inflammation and positive DepE scores increased risk for worse memory among Mexican-American older adults. Additionally, the combination of DepE and high inflammation was associated with increased risk for MCI diagnosis. This work suggests that depression and inflammation are independently associated with worse memory among Mexican-American adults and elders; however, the combination of both increases risk for poorer memory beyond either alone.Item HIP CIRCUMFERENCE AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AS A MEASUREMENT OF RISK FOR TYPE II DIABETES IN MEXICAN AND MEXICAN AMERICAN CHILDREN(2013-04-12) Simon, KaleyPurpose: It is well documented that Hispanics have higher rates of Diabetes type 2 in comparison to other races. This paper will examine data on child study participant's waist circumference and hip circumference and the relation to being at higher risk of developing type 2 Diabetes and Depression. Most studies have found girls age 10 to 14 to have average waist measurements ranging from 62.8 cm to 70.6 cm and boys ages 10 to 14 to have measurements ranging from 63.3 cm to 70.6 cm. Our study population of children in the same age range has an average waist measurement of 83.34 cm, well above both of the averages. Methods: Data from 47 Mexican and Mexican-American children, ages 10 to 14 were collected. Of those that participated, 27 (57.4%) were female and 20 (42.6%) were male. Statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS and SAS software programs to obtain chi-square analysis, descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Child Depression Inventory (CDI) measurements were used to test the levels of depression of the child. Both children and parents completed CDI surveys and both were used for descriptive analysis in this study. Dependent variables examined are high risk and low risk of diabetes and CDI indicators. Independent variables examined were that of CDI indicators, and waist and hip circumference. Results: Of those children that participated, 36.2% are at high risk for developing Diabetes Mellitus based on participants meeting 3 to 5 of the criterion. Additionally, 10.6% have a glucose level in the pre-diabetic range. The CDI results on the child survey were 14.9% of children scored above high average, with 4.2% above the elevated range. The parent CDI results were similar with 17.0% of parents scoring their children above the high average range. Using logistic regression, waist circumference was found to be a significant indicator of High risk for diabetes with an odds ratio of .013. The 95% confidence intervals support this find with a lower limit of .685 and an upper limit of .957. Confounding will be examined to address why the odds ratio for waist circumference is inverse of the expected outcome. Conclusions: Waist circumference is a predictor of high risk status of developing Diabetes Type 2 among this population of participants. It should be noted that caution should be taken when interpreting the results so as to avoid bias. The participants in this study may have chosen to participate because they perceived themselves to be at greater risk than others.Item Lifestyle Factors and Depressive Symptoms Among Permanent Supportive Housing Residents(2020-05) Holmes, Esther J.; Walters, Scott T.Background: Depression is prevalent among low-income populations. Many lifestyle factors may influence depressive symptoms, including vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity, tobacco use, alcohol use, social support, and satisfaction with leisure activities. However, the influence of lifestyle factors on depressive symptoms among permanent supportive housing (PSH) residents is unclear. In addition, it is unclear if PSH residents with depressive symptoms are interested in working on lifestyle factors. Methods: A longitudinal analysis was conducted among 420 PSH residents participating in a technology-assisted health coaching program. Three timepoints were included, corresponding with the screening/baseline, six-month, and twelve-month assessment visits. The independent variables were total vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity, tobacco use, alcohol use, social support, and satisfaction with leisure activities. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms, measured by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Covariates were race, sex, age, and visit. In addition, social support was examined as a potential effect modifier. Participants' interest in working on health areas was evaluated as well. Results: Moderate alcohol consumption predicted lower depressive symptoms compared with heavy alcohol consumption (b=-1.54, p=0.01). Additionally, the difference in depressive symptoms between non-consumers and heavy consumers of alcohol approached statistical significance with non-consumers of alcohol having less depressive symptoms than heavy consumers of alcohol (b = -.76, p = .07). High compared with low satisfaction with leisure activities (b=-0.83, p<0.0001) and high compared with low social support (b=-1.86, p<.0001) predicted lower depressive symptoms. Tobacco use was a marginally statistically significant predictor of depressive symptoms (b=0.92, p=0.05). Total vegetable and fruit intake and physical activity were not statistically significant predictors of depressive symptoms. Social support was not a statistically significant modifier of the effect of lifestyle factors on depressive symptoms. Participants with moderate, moderately severe, and severe depressive symptoms were most interested in working on diet, exercise, and substance use and least interested in working on social support and recreation/leisure activities. Conclusions: Alcohol use, tobacco use, social support, and satisfaction with leisure activities may influence depressive symptoms among PSH residents. However, participants may not be interested in working on social support and satisfaction with leisure activities. An ecological approach may be necessary to influence social support and satisfaction with leisure activities among PSH residents. Lifestyle interventions designed to reduce depressive symptoms among PSH residents should aim to increase PSH residents' social support and satisfaction with leisure activities.Item Plasma Total Tau and Neurobehavioral Symptoms of Cognitive Decline in Cognitively Normal Older Adults(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-11-05) Hall, James R.; Petersen, Melissa E.; Johnson, Leigh A.; O'Bryant, Sid E.Depression and related neurobehavioral symptoms are common features of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. The presence of these potentially modifiable neurobehavioral symptoms in cognitively intact older adults may represent an early indication of pathophysiological processes in the brain. Tau pathology is a key feature of a number of dementias. A number of studies have found an association between tau and neurobehavioral symptoms. The current study investigated the relationship of a blood-based biomarker of tau and symptoms of depression, anxiety, worry, and sleep disturbances in 538 community based, cognitively normal older adults. Logistic regression revealed no significant relationship between plasma total tau and any measures of neurobehavioral symptoms. To assess the impact of level of tau on these relationships, participants were divided into those in the highest quintile of tau and those in the lower four quintiles. Regression analyses showed a significant relationship between level of plasma total tau and measures of depression, apathy, anxiety, worry and sleep. The presence of higher levels of plasma tau and elevated neurobehavioral symptoms may be an early indicator of cognitive decline and prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Longitudinal research is needed to evaluate the impact of these factors on the development of dementia and may suggest areas for early intervention.Item RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORRY AND DEPRESSION IN ELDERLY MEXICAN-AMERICANS(2014-03) Sosa, Horacio; Johnson, Leigh; Hall, James; Edwards, Melissa; O'Bryant, Sid E.Purpose (a): Research has found a strong correlation between worry and mental and physical health. Later stages of life particularly entail increased stress related to multiple health problems, financial matters, etc., which often are associated with increased worry, anxiety and/or depression. In addition, worry has been linked to cognitive decline in the elderly. Our research has demonstrated that specific symptoms of depression (called the DepE) are related to cognitive impairment and can be used to identify a subgroup of individuals at greater risk for developing Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between DepE and worry in an elderly Mexican-American population. Methods (b): Data was collected from 253 Mexican-Americans (198 women, 60 men) enrolled in the Health and Aging Brain Study among Latino Elders (HABLE), a recently developed community-based study of factors related to aging. The mean age of the sample was 60 years, and the average years of education were 8. Worry was assessed using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and DepE was calculated using items from GDS30. The sample was divided into two groups based on DepE scores (high- and low-risk). Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the data. Results (c): The independent sample t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups (t = -10.4, p <0.05). Individuals with higher DepE scores have significantly higher scores in the PSWQ (Mean [SD] = 54 [16]), than those with low DepE scores (32 [13]). PSWQ items endorsed by the high-risk group include high worry under pressure (57%), an inability to dismiss worry (53%), consciousness about generalized worry (52%), a general tendency to worry (48%), and an inability to control worry (47%). Conclusions (d): DepE has been validated in multiple independent cohorts. Higher scores on the DepE are related to poor cognition and diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (4). The results of this study suggest individuals with higher DepE scores have significantly higher worry, almost indicative of Generalized Anxiety Disorder according the PSWQ interpretation. This is consistent with literature linking worry to cognitive decline.Item Resilience Over Time in a Longitudinal Study Following Patients with Physical Injury(2014-05-01) Rainey, Evan E.; Patricia A. GwirtzPurpose: The goal of the practicum study was to examine psychological resilience among individuals admitted to a Level I trauma center at the time of injury and one year post injury. Hypothesis: Resilience remains stable in individuals over time, regardless of injury type or severity. Methods: This prospective cohort study included patients ≥18 years of age admitted to a Level 1 trauma center for ≥24 hours. Resilience and depression were measured at baseline and 12 months using the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 10-Item (CD-RISC 10) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Injury-related variables included Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), etiology of injury, and type of injury. Results: The sample size consisted of 110 subjects. Data suggested that there was no significant change in overall resilience. There were negative correlations between resilience and depression. There were also negative correlations between GCS and depression at baseline and 12 months. Analysis of demographic variables revealed a positive correlation among education level and resilience, as well as a significant association between baseline resilience and employment. Conclusion: Resilience did not change over time, suggesting that resilience appears to be more of an inherited trait, rather than a modifiable state. These results show that individuals who have low resilience are more likely to be depressed at 12 months post injury. The results of this study suggest that assessing resilience at the time of injury may be useful in identifying those at risk for depression in the year following injury. Further, this study supports the need for psychological support for individuals who have sustained a traumatic injury to improve outcome.Item Risk of psychological ill health and methods of organisational downsizing: a cross-sectional survey in four European countries(BioMed Central Ltd., 2017-09-29) Andreeva, Elena; Brenner, M. Harvey; Theorell, Töres; Goldberg, MarcelThe manner in which organizational downsizing is implemented can make a substantial difference as to whether the exposed workers will suffer from psychological ill health. Surprisingly, little research has directly investigated this issue. We examined the likelihood of psychological ill health associated with strategic and reactive downsizing.|A cross-sectional survey included 1456 respondents from France, Sweden, Hungary and the United Kingdom: 681 employees in stable workplaces (reference group) and 775 workers from downsized companies. Reactive downsizing was exemplified by the exposures to compulsory redundancies of medium to large scale resulting in job loss or surviving a layoff while staying employed in downsized organizations. The workforce exposed to strategic downsizing was represented by surplus employees who were internally redeployed and supported through their career change process within a policy context of "no compulsory redundancy". Symptoms of anxiety, depression and emotional exhaustion were assessed in telephone interviews with brief subscales from Hospital Anxiety Scale (HADS-A), Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-CD|We observed no increased risk of psychological ill health in the case of strategic downsizing. The number of significant associations with psychological ill health was the largest for the large-scale reactive downsizing: surviving a layoff was consistently associated with all three outcome measures; returning to work after the job loss experience was related to anxiety and depression, while persons still unemployed at interview had elevated odds of anxiety. After reactive medium-scale downsizing, unemployment at interview was the only exposure associated with anxiety and depression.|The manner in which organizational downsizing is implemented can be important for the psychological wellbeing of workers. If downsizing is unavoidable, it should be achieved strategically. Greater attention is needed to employment and health policies supporting the workers after reactive downsizing.Item The Role of Disease Duration and Pain Catastrophizing in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain(2018-12-01) Costin, Theodora; Ladislav Dory; Stephen O. Mathew; Harlan P. JonesIntroduction: Psychological factors such as pain catastrophizing and depression may negatively impact pain perception and could put low back pain sufferers at risk for prolonged pain. PRECISION TEXAS, a low back pain research registry at the University of North Texas Health Science Center administered a survey to gain better understanding of psychosocial and other influences on chronic pain. One objective was to assess, based on the survey, the association between pain intensity, duration, and extent of depression with pain catastrophizing. Methods: A survey containing the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), PROMIS-29 Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaire, and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) were administered to registry participants of which two groups with differing duration of low back pain were targeted for analysis. Results: No statistically significant differences in mean PCS and depression scores were observed based on duration of low back pain. Higher pain intensity and depression scores were statistically significantly associated with increased pain catastrophizing scores among the three dimensions, rumination, magnification, and helplessness. Conclusion: A wide range of individual scores suggests that certain individuals are at greater risk of negative pain perceptions that could contribute to the progression of pain. Future longitudinal research on the progression of cognitive changes regarding pain experience could be beneficial in identifying those at greater risk of psychological influences and provide earlier intervention.Item The SPADE symptom cluster and physical disability in chronic low back pain patients(2019-12) Hendrix, Zachary N.; Cross, Deanna S.; Licciardone, John C.; Kearns, Cathleen; Mathew, Stephen O.Introduction: Chronic pain is a major healthcare issue. It is debilitating and often occurs simultaneously with other health issues (Murray et al., 2013; Shmagel et al., 2016). The SPADE symptom cluster (sleep disturbance, pain interference, anxiety, depression, and low energy/fatigue) is common in chronic low back pain (cLBP) patients and may interact with their disability (Alamam et al., 2019; Davis et al., 2016; Tavares et al., 2019). Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Pain Registry for Epidemiological, Clinical, and Interventional Studies and Innovation (PRECISION). The PROMIS-29 v2.0 was used to assess SPADE symptoms, and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire was used to measure disability. The Spearman-Rho correlation between each SPADE symptom and disability was calculated. The correlations were then tested for significant differences and ranked in order of strongest to weakest correlation. Lastly, groups were assigned based on the number of presenting symptoms and tested for between-groups differences in mean disability. Results: Each of the five SPADE symptoms and the composite SPADE score were all positively and significantly correlated with disability. Pain Interference was most strongly correlated with disability. SPADE comorbidity was related to disability. Conclusion: SPADE symptoms greatly increase disability in chronic low back pain patients.