Browsing by Subject "Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications"
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Item A Faith Based Approached to Cervical Cancer Screening in Latina and Vietnamese Women: Outcome Analysis(2005-05-01) Perez, Robin Z.; Gonzalez, Adela; Lykens, Kristine; Galvan, RobertPerez, Robin Z., A Faith Based Approach to Cervical Cancer Screening in Latina and Vietnamese Women: Outcome Analysis. Master of Public Health (Health Management and Policy), May 2005, 34pp., 4 tables, 3 illustrations, bibliography, 6 titles. A secondary data analysis study of the cervical cancer screening collaboration hosted by the St. Joseph Health Care Trust through six area Catholic churches was conducted to describe a program that has been recognized as a best practice for serving minority communities in Texas. The objectives of the study were to list demographic characteristics associated with the screening participants; to review culturally sensitive programming and approaches to serving both Latina and Vietnamese women. The results of this study will assist in implementation of similar interventions. The conclusions demonstrate that interventions that are tailored to specific communities may influence program participants and increase screening turnout.Item An American Text-Book of Gynecology, Medical and Surgical for Practitioners and Students(W.B. Saunders, 1899-01-01) Baldy, J.M.; Cragin, Edwin M.D.; Etheridge, J.H. M.D.; Goodell, William M.D.; Kelly, Howard M.D.; Krug, Florian M.D.; Montgomery, E.E. M.D.; Pryor, William M.D.; Tuttle, George M.D.; Byford, Henry M.D.2nd Edition. 1899Item Clinical Diagnosis(W.B. Saunders Company, 1981-01-01) Todd, JamesItem Geographic Information System: A Targeted Approach to Syphilis Elimination(2000-08-01) Morrison-Jones, June; Urrutia-Rojas, Ximena; Lurie, Sue; Oppong, JosephMorrison-Jones, June, Geographic Information System: A Targeted Approach to Syphilis Elimination. Master of Public Health, August 2000, 55 pp., 3 tables, 3 appendices, reference list, 25 titles. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that has long caused a heavy public health and economic burden in the United States. With syphilis rates reaching their lowest recorded levels in the United States, Health officials are calling for an increased effort to eliminate the disease. In the United States, syphilis is also now extremely concentrated geographically, facilitating effective intervention. Most syphilis cases disproportionately affect a small portion of the population. African Americans who live below the poverty level, have limited access to health care, and have a number of social problems are also affected. This study examines the geographic distribution of syphilis and factors associated with syphilis transmission in Dallas County. The study used the techniques of geographic information system, principles of epidemiology, sociocultural linkages (race, ethnicity, and gender) between demographic factors and syphilis, to gain insights into the geographic distribution of syphilis among the affected groups, and intervention strategies for syphilis elimination were developed. These suggestions should assist the Dallas County Health Department in launching an effective syphilis elimination program. Results showed that zip codes with high incidence of cases were generally adjacent to each other. In addition, statistically significant results confirmed that poverty, minority-race ethnicity and geographic core areas are factors associated with the transmission of syphilis.Item Income Inequality and Racial Disparities in Infant Mortality in Texas Counties(2004-05-01) Jesmin, Syeda S.; Susan Eve; Kristine Lykens; Erma LawsonJesmin, Syeda S., Income Inequality and Racial Disparities in Infant Mortality in Texas Counties. Master of Public Health (Health Services Research), May, 2004, 63 pp., 7 tables, 2 figures, references, 74 titles. This study provides an initial examination of predictors of differences of infant mortality between African-Americans and Whites. Guided by Wilkinson’s theory, it was hypothesized that income inequality among the population is a significant predictor of infant mortality disparities. A number of socioeconomic and health services variables were used in this study to control for the effects of income inequality on the dependent variable. Findings suggest that income inequality of a county is not a direct predictor of higher infant mortality of African-Americans than Whites. However, the association of inequality and IMR gap varies based on the metropolitan status of the county. Insurance status was found to have a negative effect on IMR gap, which implies the importance of including variables other than related to access (such as, quality of care) in future research.Item Intravenous Pyruvate to Prevent Renal Injury Following Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation(2014-08-01) Hollrah, Roger A.; Robert T. Mallet; Myoung-Gwi Ryou; Rong MaIntroduction: Cardiac arrest followed by resuscitation and recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) produces systemic ischemia reperfusion (I/R), affecting all internal organs, including the kidney. This type of stress generates both a robust increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and an intense inflammatory response, which can result in renal cell death. The glycoprotein erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to combat renal I/R injury by offering cyto-protection against inflammation and oxidative damage, as well as inhibiting apoptosis. The endogenous intermediary metabolite pyruvate has been observed to stabilize specific genetic machinery responsible for the production of EPO. This study was conducted to test the efficacy of intravenous pyruvate in exploiting these endogenous mechanisms of EPO to protect the kidney from cardiac arrest-induced, I/R injury. Hypothesis: Pyruvate administration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation, and ROSC will protect the kidneys from I/R injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via increased EPO production at the renal corticomedullary border. Methods: Yorkshire swine underwent 10 minutes of cardiac arrest, CPR effected by precordial compressions, and defibrillation, and were recovered for either 4 hours (acute) or 3 days (chronic). The animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups. Two groups underwent the cardiac arrest protocol described above: one group received intravenous infusion of 2M sodium pyruvate at a rate of 0.1 mmol∙kg-1∙min-1 during CPR and the first 60 minutes of recovery; the other group received an equimolar infusion of NaCl. The other two groups were surgically prepared and infused with NaCl or sodium pyruvate, but were not subjected to cardiac arrest, CPR, or defibrillation. For the acute protocol (n=28), animals were sacrificed 4hr after cardiac arrest, while in the chronic protocol (n=18), animals recovered for 3d before sacrifice. To evaluate the impact of cardiac arrest and pyruvate treatment on renal metabolism and antioxidant defense, proteins were extracted from snap-frozen renal corticomedullary border tissue for spectrophotometric activity assays of a panel of 10 metabolic and antioxidant enzymes; myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme marker of pro-inflammatory leukocytes, was analyzed to assess inflammation. Plasma was sampled before cardiac arrest and at the time of biopsy to measure creatinine concentration, an indirect measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to measure EPO content and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) content, a receptor expressed on renal tubular cells that plays an important role in apoptosis. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and examined under light microscopy to count neutrophils and monocytes and to compare structure integrity across the different treatment groups and protocols. Results: In this study global I/R stress imposed on the kidneys by reversible cardiac arrest did not appreciably alter the activity of the 10 panel enzymes. Despite having no histological evidence of neutrophil infiltration (H&E stained slides), an increase in renal MPO activity was evident at 4 h recovery in the NaCl group which was prevented by pyruvate treatment (P [less than] 0.05). There was no evidence of ultrastructural damage to renal cortical and outer medullary structures. There was a noticeable increase in renal EPO content at 4 h ROSC vs. the sham group. An apparent, albeit not statistically significant, increase in KIM-1 content was observed in the two CPR groups vs. the NaCl-infused sham group. Plasma creatinine concentrations did not change appreciably between pre-arrest baseline and 3 d recovery. Interpretation and Conclusion: The I/R stress produced by the present cardiac arrest-resuscitation failed to alter appreciably the activities of the 10 panel enzymes, suggesting the oxidative stress was not sufficient to overwhelm the kidney’s endogenous antioxidant defenses. Plasma creatinine concentrations were also stable, implying the GFR was maintained and the glomerular ultrastructures were unaffected by I/R. The increase in MPO activity at 4 h ROSC implied a transient infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes, although none were visible on histological examination. The increase in KIM-1 content, though not statistically significant, suggests modest renal apoptotic activity after cardiac arrest and reperfusion. The transient increase in renal EPO content in the NaCl-infused post-arrest vs. sham pigs supports the possibility that even a brief period of renal ischemia by cardiac arrest can evoke renal EPO production. Collectively, these results indicate the renal I/R imposed by cardiac arrest and resuscitation does not inflict appreciable damage on the kidneys or its enzyme systems, at least within the first 3 d of post-arrest recovery. Abbreviations: AKI: acute kidney injury; ARF: acute renal failure; CK: creatine kinase; CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CS: citrate synthase; EPO: erythropoietin; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; G6PDH: glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; GP: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; HIF-1: hypoxia-inducible factor 1; I/R: ischemia-reperfusion; KIM-1: kidney injury molecule 1; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; MPO: myeloperoxidase; PFK: phosphofructokinase; PHD: prolyl hydroxylase; RONS: reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; ROSC: recovery of spontaneous circulation.Item North Texas Health & Science - 2011, Issue 2(University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 2011-01-01)Item Radiation Treatments in Women Suffering From Advanced Breast or Cervical Cancer Pain: Is it Underutilized for Palliation?(2005-05-01) Oliva, Sonnia B.; Gonzalez, Adela; Lurie, Sue; Rene, AntonioOliva, Sonnia B., Radiation Treatments in Women Suffering From Advanced Breast or Cervical Cancer Pain: Is It Underutilized For Palliation? Doctor of Public Health (Social and Behavioral Sciences), May 2005, 43 pp., 3 tables, 4 figures, references, 39 titles. The research is to study if radiation treatments are under-utilized in metastatic breast and cervical cancer for palliative therapy and to explore the usage of various radiation-therapy modalities that are currently being used for women with these diagnoses. Studies indicate that radiation treatments specifically external beam radiation and radiopharmaceutical therapy for painful metastatic bone disease are the most effective at relieving bone pain. Studies find that breast cancer is known to be a cancer associated with bone metastasis, and literature review supports the conclusion that cervical cancer may also present with bone metastasis. The literature review includes the pervasiveness of pain suffering, issues surrounding why it is so difficult to treat pain, how cancer causes pain, and past study results of radiation effectiveness for bone metastases. The study population is secondary data attained from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program and included 65 years of age and older with Stage IV breast or cervix uteri cancers. The total sample analyzed included 6,505 breast cancer cases and 758 cervix uteri cancer cases. Logistic regression of data found that women with Stage IV breast cancer compared to women with a diagnosis of Stage IIIB breast cancer are 30% less likely to have radiation with a p-value of less than .001. A diagnosis of cervix uteri cancer of Stage IV was also found to be significant with a women being 57% less likely to have radiation compared to a diagnosis of Stage IIIB cervix uteri cancer. The results of this study support the underutilization of radiation in Stage IV breast and cervical cancers for palliative purposes. The World Health Organization’s model of resource allocation in cancer care recommended palliative, symptom-modifying therapy simultaneously with disease-modifying therapy. In summary, this study provides the first known population-based data on radiation utilization of invasive breast and cervix uteri cancers controlling for age, marital status and race/ethnicity in the United States.Item Stress and Social Support as Risk Factors for the Occurrence of Neural Tube Defect-Affected Pregnancies in Women Living Along the Texas-Mexico Border(1999-06-01) Herron, Kathryn M.; Antonio Rene; John Licciardone; Gilbert RamirezHerron, Kathryn M., Stress and Social Support as Risk Factors for the Occurrence of Neural Tube Defect-Affected Pregnancies in Women Living Along the Texas-Mexico Border. Master of Public Health, June, 1999, 59 pp., 8 tables, 1 figure, references, 78 titles. Data were derived from the case-control study of the Texas Department of Health’s Neural Tube Defect Project, involving women living along the Texas-Mexico border, June 1995 to October 1998. Social support and stress information was obtained from a questionnaire, and a residual stress scale was created to determine an aggregate measure for each subject. Interviews were conducted with 261 women, with 1.2 controls to each case. Having high residual stress was found to be a significant risk factor for NTDs. Other significant risk factors included periconceptional injury, residential mobility, having no relatives to talk about private matters, and discontent with relationships.Item Synergy 2008: Annual Research Report(2008-01-01)Item The Sisterhood for Change Project Evaluation(2008-12-01) Timmons, CoryThe Kisumu Medical and Educational Trust (KMET) has created a peer-to-peer outreach project, Sisterhood for Change (SFC), which has been created to train girls and young women on reproductive health issues and thus become community peer educators. This program is now in its third cycle of students and currently has two groups of young women (age 12-24) who have been through life skills training and learned to be reproductive health peer educators; they have also gained vocational training in order to give them alternatives to commercial sex work or reliance on males for money. The purpose of this evaluation was to assess the pilot project by interviewing and observing the first 25 women to be involved in the project, interviewing their relatives, interviewing staff members close to the project, and assessing the participants’ impact in their communities. By using multiple research methods (i.e., interviewing, focus group meetings, participant observation, and surveying) and multiple sources of information, triangulation was achieved to gain a larger view of the successes and challenges in the pilot year of the SFC Project.