Browsing by Subject "Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases"
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Item A Look at Diabetes Mellitus and the Effects of a Study Drug on Diabetic Nephropathy(2002-08-01) Schlueter, Cynthia K.; Debbie Lewis; Clifton Cage; Rustin ReevesDuring my internship, I assisted with a twenty-four week, phase 2, double blinded, placebo controlled trial for a drug being developed to slow, if not prevent, the development of ESRD from overt neuropathy in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This drug is a naturally occurring component of vitamin B6 and is an AGE-inhibitor. The AGE-inhibitory effect of the study drug was discovered by isolating Amadori products in the pathway to AGE formation. Once the intermediates were isolated, the sponsor’s scientists searched for compounds that could specifically block the conversion of these Amadori products into AGEs. The study drug was found to be a strong inhibitor of this pathway. In comparison, the common AGE inhibitor, aminoguanidine was found to be ineffective in blocking the post-Amadori foundation AGEs. Therefore, it must block AGE formation at one of the less clinically relevant pathways, and should be less effective in treating nephropathy according to the sponsor’s scientists. This study included type 1 and type 2 patients with clinically diagnosed diabetic retinopathy and a urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE) of greater than 300 mg/24h. Other inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for the safety of the subjects and greater viability of the data.Item Access to Care and Hospitalizations for Diabetes Complications Among Elderly Hispanics and African Americans in Texas(2005-08-01) Chaudhary, Prateek; Kristine Lykens; Julian Borejdo; Antonio A. ReneChaudhary, Prateek. Access to Care and Hospitalizations for Diabetes Complications Among Elderly Hispanics and African Americans in Texas. Master of Public Health, August 2005, 52 pp, 6 tables, bibliography. The mismanagement of diabetes care, due to disparities in access, deficiencies in health insurance, or poor quality of primary care, can lead to preventable microvascular complications which force diabetics to utilize hospital emergency departments (ED). This study uses 2002 hospital discharge data from the Texas Health Care Information Collection to determine whether diabetic and elderly (65+) African Americans and Hispanics from Texas counties with a low ratio of physicians per, 1,000 population (PPR) are more likely to be admitted through the ED with complications from diabetes. Findings indicate that while Hispanic ethnicity is significantly associated with ED use as a source of admission, diabetics from counties with higher PPR are more likely to be admitted through the ED for diabetes complications than diabetics from counties with a lower PPR.Item Clinical Diagnosis(W.B. Saunders Company, 1981-01-01) Todd, JamesItem Lymphatic Pump Treatment Enhances the Lymphatic and Immune System and Ameliorates Disease Severity in a Rat Model of Respiratory Infection(2014-05-01) Schander, Artur; Hodge, Lisa M.The purpose of these studies was to explore the benefits, effects, and mechanisms of LPT in both a healthy and a diseased animal model, and hence provide scientific rationale for the clinical application of LPT. Novel findings in this dissertation demonstrate that in anesthetized canines: 1) LPT mobilizes leukocytes from the GALT into lymphatic circulation; 2) LPT mobilizes inflammatory mediators into lymphatic circulation; and 3) repeated application of LPT increases lymph flow, concentration of leukocytes, and flux of inflammatory mediators into lymphatic circulation. In addition, this dissertation for the first time demonstrates: 1) the development of a novel lymph enhancing rodent model, in which LPT increases leukocyte flux in the cisterna chili, predominantly from the GALT; and 2) that LPT facilitates the clearance of pneumococcal respiratory infection and suggests a mechanism by which LPT might facilitate the clearance of pneumococcal pneumonia. Our studies demonstrated that LPT transiently mobilized leukocytes from the mesenteric lymph nodes. We found a significant increase in the concentrations of MCP-1 and flux of IL-6 flux in TDL and MDL in anesthetized dogs. Interestingly, both IL-6 and MCP-1 were present in BALF of rats infected with pneumococcus, and LPT significantly increased IL-6 and moderately increased MCP-1 concentrations compared to Sham and Control animals, which supports our notion that LPT may increase cytokine/chemokine redistribution from the mesentery to the lung. We demonstrated that LPT enhanced the clearance of S. pneumoniae after 3 consecutive daily treatments and found that LPT increased the concentrations of SP-D, IL-6, IL-12p70, and IL-17 in BALF and enhanced the release of NO2- and IL-6 by AM 4 days post-infection. Collectively these studies suggest, that LPT re-distributes inflammatory mediators to the lung, enhances the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils to the lung and skews alveolar macrophages towards a M1 phenotype, all of which may be responsible for and promote the clearance of S. pneumoniae.Item Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Factors for Diabetes in United States - 2005(2007-04-01) Tomer, Vikas; Sejong Bae; Karan Singh; Raghbir SandhuTomer, Vikas, Prevalence of obesity and associated factors for diabetes in United States –2005, Master of Public Health (Biostatistics), May 2007, 27 pp, 9 tables. Diabetes is one of the major public health problems in the United States. The purpose of this research is to explore whether there is a relationship between obesity and diabetes and to understand the effects of some other associated factors on diabetes in the United States in the year 2005. The data studied is from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2005. A univariate analysis for frequency distribution was used to evaluate and edit the data. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association of diabetes and the variables through crude and adjusted odd ratio. The result of the study showed significant association between diabetes and obesity and the associated factors among US adults. The prevalence of diabetes has been found to be highest among African Americans followed by Hispanics and Others. Our results indicate that being an obese non-Hispanic black with low income level over the age of 65 years is indicative of being at the highest risk for diabetes. Therefore, for preventive measures to decrease the risk of being overweight and obesity healthy eating habits and regular exercise are recommended. As, income level increases, there is a significant decrease in the diabetes population. The strongest predictor of all appears to be obesity followed by age. Age, gender, income level, race and BMI all had significant effect on diabetes.Item Regional Adipose Tissue Deposition, Its Rate of Lipolysis, and Subsequent Effect of Insulin Resistance-in Type II Diabetes Mellitus(1999-06-01) Schalscha, Alan G.; Raven, Peter B.; Downey, H. Fred; Caffrey, James L.Diabetes mellitus is a disease that plagues populations world wide. More than 5 percent of U.S. citizens are afflicted with one or another form of this disease (22). This paper begins by discussing the incidence of this illness as it affects Americans. An explanation of the four forms in which diabetes mellitus itself will be offered, and these will be classified according to etiology. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), also called type II diabetes mellitus, will be the last of these forms mentioned. Due to its prevalence, NIDDM will be the focus of this paper. The proposed pathophysiology of NIDDM will be discussed, though to researchers it still remains somewhat of a mystery. This paper will then briefly the genetic and environmental interaction responsible for the onset of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. A brief discussion of the interrelationship between decreasing physical activity and a subsequent increase in obesity will follow (38). The location of adipose tissue seems to have adverse effects on certain aspects of NIDDM, including its sensitivity to insulin. This paper proposes that either subcutaneous or visceral adipose deposits specifically reduce insulin sensitivity more than other fat stores. The connection between adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity appears to be mediated by fatty acids released from specific depots and their destination immediately following release.