Browsing by Subject "Infant"
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Item Establishing Equivalent Aerobic Exercise Parameters Between Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease and Pink1 Knockout Rats(IOS Press, 2022-06-28) Salvatore, Michael F.; Soto, Isabel; Kasanga, Ella A.; James, Rachael; Shifflet, Marla K.; Doshier, Kirby; Little, Joel T.; John, Joshia; Alphonso, Helene M.; Cunningham, J. Thomas; Nejtek, Vicki A.BACKGROUND: Rodent Parkinson's disease (PD) models are valuable to interrogate neurobiological mechanisms of exercise that mitigate motor impairment. Translating these mechanisms to human PD must account for physical capabilities of the patient. OBJECTIVE: To establish cardiovascular parameters as a common metric for cross-species translation of aerobic exercise impact. METHOD: We evaluated aerobic exercise impact on heart rate (HR) in 21 early-stage PD subjects (Hoehn Yahr /=3 months, >/=3x/week. In 4-month-old Pink1 knockout (KO) rats exercising in a progressively-increased treadmill speed regimen, we determined a specific treadmill speed that increased HR to an extent similar in human subjects. RESULTS: After completing aerobic exercise for approximately 30 min, PD subjects had increased HR approximately 35% above baseline ( approximately 63% maximum HR). Motor and cognitive test results indicated the exercising subjects completed the timed up and go (TUG) and trail-making test (TMT-A) in significantly less time versus exercise-naive PD subjects. In KO and age-matched wild-type (WT) rats, treadmill speeds of 8-10 m/min increased HR up to 25% above baseline ( approximately 67% maximum HR), with no further increases up to 16 m/min. Exercised KO, but not WT, rats showed increased locomotor activity compared to an age-matched exercise-naive cohort at 5 months old. CONCLUSION: These proof-of-concept results indicate HR is a cross-species translation parameter to evaluate aerobic exercise impact on specific motor or cognitive functions in human subjects and rat PD models. Moreover, a moderate intensity exercise regimen is within the physical abilities of early-stage PD patients and is therefore applicable for interrogating neurobiological mechanisms in rat PD models.Item Maternal Characteristics and Neighborhood Characteristics: How do they impact birth-weight and infant mortality?(2010-05-01) Roberson, Jerry L.; Kristine LykensRoberson, Jerry L., Maternal Characteristics and Neighborhood Characteristics: How Do They Impact Birth-Weight and Infant Mortality?. Doctorate of Public Health (Health Management and Policy), May 2010, 52 pp., 4 tables, 2 illustrations, bibliography, 63 titles. Infant mortality is a family tragedy and an index of community health and progress. Infant mortality (death in the first year) remains a serious problem in the US and locally (Kochanek, 2002). High rates of infant mortality suggest poor maternal health care, inadequate access to and utilization of health services, insufficient prenatal care, and other social, economic, and health related factors. Thus, the rate of infant mortality indicates the state of a population. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between individual level characteristics and neighborhood characteristics on infant mortality. Four data sources were compiled to analyze secondary data regarding maternal characteristics, neighborhood characteristics and birth outcomes—birth-weight and infant death. The study population consisted of all live births in specified zip codes within Tarrant County. Neighborhood characteristics from the same areas were also studied. The findings from the study were that there is a significant relationship between some maternal characteristics and neighborhood characteristics on birth-weight; and that the significant relationships on infant mortality are primarily maternal characteristics. Future research should focus on the impact of social support for the pregnant mother.Item Spatial and temporal patterns of dengue incidence in northeastern Thailand 2006-2016(BioMed Central Ltd., 2019-08-23) Phanitchat, Thipruethai; Zhao, Bingxin; Haque, Ubydul; Pientong, Chamsai; Ekalaksananan, Tipaya; Aromseree, Sirinart; Thaewnongiew, Kesorn; Fustec, Benedicte; Bangs, Michael J.; Alexander, Neal; Overgaard, Hans J.BACKGROUND: Dengue, a viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is an important public health concern throughout Thailand. Climate variables are potential predictors of dengue transmission. Associations between climate variables and dengue have usually been performed on large-scale first-level national administrative divisions, i.e. provinces. Here we analyze data on a finer spatial resolution in one province, which is often more relevant for effective disease control design. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of seasonal variations, monthly climate variability, and to identify local clusters of symptomatic disease at the sub-district level based on reported dengue cases. METHODS: Data on dengue cases were retrieved from the national communicable disease surveillance system in Thailand. Between 2006 and 2016, 15,167 cases were recorded in 199 sub-districts of Khon Kaen Province, northeastern Thailand. Descriptive analyses included demographic characteristics and temporal patterns of disease and climate variables. The association between monthly disease incidence and climate variations was analyzed at the sub-district level using Bayesian Poisson spatial regression. A hotspot analysis was used to assess the spatial patterns (clustered/dispersed/random) of dengue incidence. RESULTS: Dengue was predominant in the 5-14 year-old age group (51.1%). However, over time, dengue incidence in the older age groups (> 15 years) gradually increased and was the most affected group in 2013. Dengue outbreaks coincide with the rainy season. In the spatial regression model, maximum temperature was associated with higher incidence. The hotspot analysis showed clustering of cases around the urbanized area of Khon Kaen city and in rural areas in the southwestern portion of the province. CONCLUSIONS: There was an increase in the number of reported dengue cases in older age groups over the study period. Dengue incidence was highly seasonal and positively associated with maximum ambient temperature. However, climatic variables did not explain all the spatial variation of dengue in the province. Further analyses are needed to clarify the detailed effects of urbanization and other potential environmental risk factors. These results provide useful information for ongoing prediction modeling and developing of dengue early warning systems to guide vector control operations.