Browsing by Subject "Meta-analysis"
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Item A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Chromium on Fasting Blood Glucose, HBA1c, Triglycerdies, LDL-C and HDL-C in Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance(2002-05-01) Evans, Jill E.; Urrutia-Rojas, Ximena; Mains, Doug A.Evans, Jill E., A meta-analysis of the Effects of Chromium on Fasting Blood Glucose, HbA1c triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C in Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Master of Public Health, May, 2002, 35 pp., 4 tables, 4 figures, references cited, 23 titles. Objective: To assess the magnitude of chromium’s effect of trivalent chromium (picolinate or chloride) or yeast in type 2 diabetics or subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Efforts were taken to combine studies with similar doses and treatment periods. Sensitivity analysis was performed. Outcomes Measured: Fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, triglycerides, high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density cholesterol (LDL-C). Effect sizes were converted to appropriate units and were reported as “effect size equivalents”. Results: The magnitude of effect of chromium on FPG and HbA1c was negative and generally increased with dosage and duration. Statistically significant effects were observed for typical doses (150-250μg/day) for both outcomes at 1.5-3 months duration, and for HbA1c at 4-6 months; and high dosage (1000 μg/day) at 1.5-3 and 4-6 months for both outcomes. For triglycerides at the typical dose, statistically significant effects (p=0.00) were observed at 1.5-3 months. There was no effect on LDL-C. HDL-C increased with increasing duration of chromium supplementation, with the exception of the 4-6 month duration. Statistically significant effects (p=0.00) were observed for typical dosage at 1.5-3 months. For the studies using yeast with GTF activity, the effect size equivalent for FPG and triglycerides was significantly lowered (p [less than] 0.001 and p=0.00 respectively). When the study using yeast with no GTF activity was included, the pooled fixed effect size equivalent was smaller, yet remained significant. HDL-C was significantly increased (p=0.00). Sensitivity analysis yielded similar results. Conclusion: Meta-analysis of chromium showed a significant reduction in FBG, HbA1C, triglycerides, and LDL-C, while increasing HDL-C in the groups studied. The best available evidence suggests that chromium has a dose and duration-dependent effect on these outcomes.Item Meta-analysis: Effects of Opuntia Species(2000-05-01) Garcia, Anna R.; John Licciardone; Gilbert Ramirez; FongGarcia, Anna R., Meta-analysis: Effects of Opuntia species. Master of Public Health (Epidemiology), May, 2000, 73 pp., 10 tables, 10 figures, references, 62 titles. The Mexican American population is more susceptible to diabetes mellitus due to a number of risk factors. The earliest recorded treatments for diabetes mellitus involved the use of natural plants. Opuntia species are any member of the genus Opuntia of Cactus family and who are native to the Western Hemisphere. In order to determine the efficacy of Opuntia species as a hypoglycemic agent in non-insulin dependent diabetics, a meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the identified studies. In addition, insulin and the presence of a dose-response relationship upon ingestion of Opuntia were investigated. A statistically significant reduction in serum glucose was found after the ingestion of 500 grams of Opuntia species. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism of hypoglycemic action and to further investigate the properties of Opuntia species.