Browsing by Subject "Other Food Science"
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Item Endurox R4® & Gatorade®: Effects of Recovery Drinks After Prolonged Glycogen-Depleting Exercise(1999-06-01) Williams, Michael Brandon; Raven, Peter B.; Smith, Michael; Shi, XiangrongWilliams, Michael B., Endurox R4® & Gatorade®: Effects of Recovery Drinks After Prolonged Glycogen-Depletion Exercise. Master of Science (Biomedical Sciences, Integrative Physiology), June, 1999, 73 pp., 2 tables, 18 figures, references. Purpose: Eight high-fit (bicycle Vo2max=62.4 ± 1.10 ml·kg-1·min-1) male cyclists, aged 28.4±1.65 yrs, performed a two-hour endurance bicycle exercise to achieve depletion of skeletal muscle and liver glycogen. During recovery, Endurox R4 Recovery Drink®, or Gatorade®, was ingested to investigate their relative restorative capacities to enable further exercise. Methods: Each subject performed two days of testing: one for each drink presented in random order. On each testing day, the twelve-hour fasted subject performed a two-hour cycling exercise bout at 75% VO2max followed by one to three five-minute sprints at 85% VO2max. At the end of the exercise blood glucose concentrations were 3.98±0.138 mmol/L. A four hour recovery period ensued in which the subject was given 24-ounces of the recovery drink. A performance test at 85% VO2max to exhaustion was then conducted. Ventilatory responses were collected breath-to-breath, while venous blood samples were measured for oxidation products, glucose and insulin concentrations. Results: The recovery phase showed significant increases in both plasma glucose and serum insulin following Endurox R4 Recovery Drink® ingestion as compared to Gatorade®. There was a significant increase in time to exhaustion (+55%) following Endurox R4 Recovery Drink® during the performance ride compared to Gatorade®. Final oxidation products following Endurox R4 Recovery Drink® ingestion were significantly decreased as compared to Gatorade® ingestion, in that Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substrates (T-BARS) were significantly decreased. Conclusions: These data indicate that the Endurox R4 Recovery Drink®, when compared to Gatorade®, significantly enhanced recovery from glycogen-depleting exercise. In addition, Endurox R4 Recovery® Drink decreased the formation of final oxidation products, when compared to Gatorade®.Item Genetic Engineering and the Food Supply(2000-12-01) Kennedy, W. Russ; Samuel F. AtkinsonAs food sources high in the trees became inadequate, our predecessors climbed to the ground and through centuries of adaptation learned to stand upright and cultivate plants. Plant cultivation has been practiced for more than ten thousand years with continuous improvements made to crop plants to meet the growing food needs of human domesticated animal populations. Biotechnology has been practiced for thousands of years with fermentations of fruits and grains to make wine and beer and the use of yeast in baking. More recently, advances in molecular biology allow the analysis and manipulation of genetic material to achieve desired changes in the organism. Transgenics or genetic engineering is the process of identifying specific genetic defects or desirable traits and altering an organism’s DNA by addition or deletion of specific DNA sequences. Nearly 100 million acres (40 million hectares) were planted in transgenic crops in 1999. The largest acreages of more than 40 different transgenic crops grown were in cotton, corn, soybean and rapeseed. Fifty-five percent of all cotton, 50% of soybeans, and 33% of corn grown in the U.S. in 1999 were transgenic varieties. The large plantings stem from fairly straightforward manipulations of single genes, such as the transferring to corn and cotton genetic material from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) which produces an insecticidal toxin or transferring to the soybean, corn, cotton, sugar beets, and canola a gene with resistance to herbicides, such as glyphosate. The American farmer is perceived to be the beneficiary of lowered production costs primarily through better weed and pest control and a reduction in pesticide use with accompanying environmental improvement. Agro-chemical companies, who for the most part have spearheaded research and development of these crops, became involved because they foresaw a declining market for pesticides. Another area of promise widely discussed in the scientific and popular press is the improvement of food quality and composition resulting from genetic engineering. Because plants and plant products provide much of the world’s food supply, it is only fitting that early applications of this technology be in this area. Recent estimates suggest that the market for transgenic seed has already reached several hundred million dollars per year and that more than 15 million hectares (37 million acres) were grown in the U.S. in 1998. Concerns of food risk to the food supply and environment that using transgenic methods present, although not always science based, have some merit and require careful scientific scrutiny.Item The Mechanism of Agriculture and Health Exploration of Links Between Agricultural Practice and Human Nutrition in Rural China(2008-05-01) Campos-Bower, Monica Haydee; Nuha Lackan; Robert Kaman; Sejong BaeCampos-Bower, Monica Haydee, The mechanism of agriculture and health-Exploration of links between agricultural practice and human nutrition in rural China Doctor of Public Health (Health Management and Policy), May 2008, 73 pp, 9 Tables, 5 Figures, bibliography, 23 titles. Health consequences of nutritional deficiencies remain a concern for more than half of the global population. Agriculture improvement has helped to alleviate nutritional deficiencies, especially among the rural developing world, where populations are more susceptible. In China, approximately 80% of the population lives in rural areas with close to 40% suffering from at least one nutrient deficiency. Current agricultural development projects in China are geared toward enhancing crop nutrition, but more research is needed to determine the relationship between food practices, agricultural diversity and the nutritional health in rural areas. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the direct relationship of agriculture on human health through assessment of agricultural practices and agricultural policy on human health symptoms in rural populations in China. A comparative study was performed on data from the University of North Carolina Population Center-China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and a case study based on field research in western China. The study demonstrated relationships between agricultural practices with human health symptoms. In addition, agricultural and environmental policies adopted in rural areas did impact ability to engage in agricultural practices as well as diet and human activity among rural households. Future agricultural and environmental policies should consider repercussions of policy effects on community social infrastructure, economy and health and create measures to address these issues.