Browsing by Subject "Physiotherapy"
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Item Anti-Tumor Immune Responses Against MTLn3 Mammary Adenocarcinoma(2014-05-01) Carter, KiahRae J.; Hodge, Lisa M.Lymphatic pump treatment (LPT) is used as a lymph enhancing therapy to treat edema. In animals, LPT enhanced lymphatic flow, released leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into lymph, and inhibited pulmonary tumor formation. Therefore, we hypothesized the administration of LPT would enhance immunity and inhibit primary breast tumor growth. Rats were subcutaneously injected with MTLn3 and divided into MTLn3, MTLn3+Sham-LPT and MTLn3+LTP group. Sham group received light touch under anesthesia and LPT group received treatment under anesthesia. There were no changes in tumor growth between groups. Administration of Sham-LPT resulted in an increase in tumor-adjacent lymph node weight. Collectively, our data suggests LPT did not enhance primary tumor growth and may also protect against the pathogenesis exhibited by sham-LPT.Item Antioxidants, Exercise, APOE Genotype and Brain Function(2014-12-01) Chaudhari, Kiran; Nathalie Sumien; Michael J. Forster; Eric B. GonzalesApolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is a well-established and extensively prevalent genetic risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The presence of APOE4 allele accelerates the pathophysiology and symptomology of AD. A large set (36%) of the population suffering from AD expresses APOE4. Being a chronic progressive disease with very few pharmaco-therapeutic agents approved by FDA, non-drug lifestyle modifications have been an important part of management of AD. People often eat healthy diet rich in antioxidants and focus on healthy living habits such as exercise. Health care providers frequently suggest combining antioxidants with physical activity for higher benefits. Antioxidants have been beneficial in counteracting oxidative stress and improving learning and memory. Similarly, different regimens of exercise also improved cognition and delayed development of AD. However, the nature of the interaction between antioxidants and exercise remain elusive and complicated. While some studies reported additive effects, others have also shown a concerning antagonistic action of the antioxidants on the beneficial effects of exercise. In the context of APOE genotype, we set our study to determine the nature of such interaction between antioxidants and exercise. Using vitamins C and E and a treadmill-based forced exercise in a genetically modified mouse model expressing human APOE3 and APOE4 (GFAP-APOE3, GFAP-APOE4), we explored the nature of that interaction on functional and biochemical outcomes. We examined the mice for spatial learning and memory, working memory and executive function, coordinated running performance, muscular reflexes, spontaneous locomotor activity, anxiety and muscle strength. Interestingly, we observed that the young adult mice expressing E4 allele performed better on higher brain functions including spatial learning and memory and short term memory in contrast to middle age mice, which developed a cognitive deficit as expected. Motor functions, reflexes and coordination were poor among all the mice carrying E4 allele irrespective of age. Antioxidants and exercise interventions led to outcomes that were dependent on genotype, age and the brain function under consideration. There was additive beneficial effect of combination of antioxidants and exercise on cognitive outcomes but not on motor outcomes in middle age groups. However, in young adults, an antagonistic interaction was observed on motor outcomes but no such interaction was observed on cognitive outcomes. Hence we can conclude that, combination of antioxidants and exercise is not a “fit for all” approach and needs to be tailored base on individual’s age and genotype.Item Neural Control of the Carotid Baroreflex During Exercise(2000-05-01) Gallagher, Kevin Matthew; Peter B. Raven; Stephen R. Grant; H. Fred DowneyGallagher, Kevin Matthew, Neural Control of the Carotid Baroreflex During Exercise. Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine/Doctor of Philosophy (Biomedical Sciences), May 2000; 151 pages; 13 tables; 19 figures; bibliography; 161 titles. Carotid baroreflex (CBR) function is reset upward and rightward to the prevailing blood pressure during dynamic and static exercise. Feedforward central neural inputs (central command) and negative feedback from skeletal muscle (exercise pressor reflex) both contribute to the resetting. The purpose of this investigation was to identify the individual roles of central command and the exercise pressor reflex in the resetting of the CBR during dynamic and static exercise. First, it was necessary to determine which receptor group that comprises the exercise pressor reflex, chemically-sensitive (chemoreceptors) or mechanically-sensitive (mechanoreceptors) receptors, was primarily involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. We observed the cardiovascular responses during exercise to individual action of the chemoreceptors and the mechanoreceptors. We demonstrated an increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) response to mechanoreceptor activation that was not identified during chemoreceptor stimulation. This finding suggested that the mechanoreflex was the primary exercise pressor mediated of arterial blood pressure during exercise. To identify the role of central command on CBR resetting, a second investigation increased central command by partial neuromuscular blockade during dynamic and static exercise. Resetting of CBR control of heart rate (carotid-cardiac; CSP-HR) and MAP (carodtid-vasomotor; CSP-MAP) during control exercise was further reset upward and rightward by increased central command without alterations in sensitivity. In conclusion, central command, a feedforward mechanism, was actively involved in the resetting of the CBR during exercise. To investigate the role of the exercise pressor reflex on CBR function, a third investigation activated by the exercise pressor reflex with the application of medical anti-shock trousers (MAS) during dynamic and static exercise. From control exercise, carotid-vasomotor function was further reset upward and rightward by the application of MAS trousers while CSP-HR function was only reset rightward. Sensitivity of the CSP-MAP and CSP-HR function curves were unaltered. The negative feedback mechanism of exercise pressor reflex, primarily mediated by mechanoreceptors, appeared to act as a modulator of CBR resetting during exercise.