Browsing by Subject "Psychology"
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Item An Exploratory Study of the Influence of Language and Ethnic Concordance on Hispanic Patients' Trust in their Healthcare Providers in Tarrant County(2007-08-01) Macias, Isela; Holly E. Jacobson; Francisco Soto-Mas; Daisha CipherMacias, Isela. An Exploratory Study of the Influence of Language and Ethnic Concordance on Hispanic Patients’ Trust in Their Healthcare Providers in Tarrant County. Master of Public Health (Health Interpreting & Health Applied Linguistics), August 2007, 76 pp., 8 tables, references, 57 titles. There is a scare number of Spanish-speaking, Hispanic physicians to serve a growing Spanish-speaking Hispanic population. A survey and interview were conducted in a primary health clinic with fifty-two Spanish-speaking Hispanic patients. The Introduction (Chapter 1), included the problem and purpose; Literature Review (Chapter 2), analyzed supporting literature; Methodology (Chapter 3), described data process; Results (Chapter 4), reported the findings; and Conclusions and Recommendations (Chapter 5), included the decision. Spanish-speaking Hispanics in the study had more trust in Spanish-speaking Hispanic physicians than in non-Hispanic physicians who did not speak Spanish. More studies should include Spanish-speaking Hispanics and focus on differences in acculturation and the patient-physician relationship.Item Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action to Female Adolescent Sexual Behavior(2000-05-01) Gilbert-Cronen, Vanessa S.; Rene, Antonio; Goldfarb, Ronald H.; Urrutia-Rojas, XimenaGilbert-Cronen, Vanessa S., Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action to Female Adolescent Sexual Behavior. Doctor of Philosophy (Biomedical Sciences), May, 2000, 143pp., 25 tables, 8 illustrations, references, 170 titles. Objectives. This study evaluated the Theory of Reasoned Actions for its effectiveness in the prediction of the sexual intercourse intentions of a group of female high school adolescents. An expanded model which included a self-esteem measure was also assessed for its contribution to the model. Additionally, six-month follow up data was used to determine whether sexual intercourse intention predicted reported sexual behavior at follow-up. Methods. Data from the National Urban Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program (NUAPPP), a longitudinal study conducted in 1997 and 1998 was used for this study. Tenth grade adolescent high school females (n=235) from two sites in Texas were selected to conduct a partial test of the Theory of Reasoned Action. The TRA model constructs attitudes and subjective norm were operationalized so that beliefs about sexual intercourse, attitudes towards pregnancy, perceived sexual beliefs about friends and parental communication beliefs were evaluated for their individual and combined effectiveness in the prediction of sexual intercourse intention. Results. Logistic analysis of individual model components showed significant associations between sexual beliefs (OR=5.75; 95% CI = 2.75, 11.98), pregnancy attitudes (OR=3.14; 95% CI=1.53, 6.44) perceived friend’s beliefs (OR=3.97; 95% CI = 1.57, 10.04) and sexual intercourse intention. When combined as a model, only sexual beliefs remained a significant predictor of intention (OR=4.02; 95% CI=1.79, 9.04). Evaluation of external variables showed past behavior to be a significant predictor of sexual intercourse intention (OR=32.59; 95% CI=12.56, 84.53). Conclusions. This study found the Theory of Reasoned Action to be inadequate in the prediction of adolescent female sexual intercourse intentions. The facts that individual constructs were significant predictors indicates a need for further research to understand the relationships between attitudes, beliefs, intention and behavior.Item Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Corticosterone Modulate the Anxiogenic-Like Effects of mCPP(1998-06-01) Jenkins, Jennifer A.; Michael Forster; Robert Luedtke; Patricia GwirtzJenkins, Jennifer A., Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Corticosterone Modulate the Anxiogenic-Like Effects of mCPP. Doctor of Philosophy (Pharmacology), June 1998, 119 pp., 2 tables, 29 figures, bibliography, 100 titles. The administration of PTZ or mCPP produces anxiety-like behavior as measured by an increase in the percentage of entries into the open arms and the time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus maze (Prunell et al., 1994). Reportedly, PTZ and mCPP substitute for each other in the drug discrimination paradigm (Wallis and Laz, 1998). It is therefore suggested that commonality exists among anxiogenic drugs as perceived by trained animals. Andrews and Stephen (1990) suggested that this overall parallelism is an indication that anxiogenic agents may possess similar properties. Therefore, the question posed is as follows: Is there a common denominator anxiety? The global hypothesis is that the core component of anxiety produced by anxiogenic agents or processes involves stimulation of the HPA axis to release CRF, ACTH and/or CORT. Long Evans rats were trained to discriminate either mCPP (1.4 mg/kg) or PTZ (16mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever choice procedure (FR10) which is food reinforced. Animals were pretreated with CRF, α-helical CRF (a CRF antagonist), two steroid synthesis inhibitors (ketoconazole, KETZ and aminoglutethimide, AMG), CORT or underwent an adrenalectomy prior to behavioral testing in order to test the hypothesis that the release of CRF and/or CORT are components of the discriminate stimulus of the mCPP and/or PTZ. Pretreatment with CRF, KETZ, AMG and an adrenalectomy facilitated mCPP level selection. However in the absence of mCPP neither drug nor adrenalectomy produced drug lever selection. In addition CORT did not alter the mCPP dose response curve. However, CORT replacement therapy returned the does response curve to baseline in adrenalectomized animals. Alpha-helical CRF did not block mCPP discrimination. Unlike mCPP-trained animals, KETZ and AMG decreased PTZ-lever selection in PTZ-trained animals. In addition, CORT enhanced and partially substituted for the discriminative stimulus of PTZ. However, adrenalectomy completely abolished drug lever selection in PTZ animals. To compare the discriminative stimulus effects of mCPP and PTZ, PTZ-trained animals were injected with cumulative doses of mCPP. mCPP-trained animals were injected with cumulative doses of PTZ. mCPP and PTZ minimally substituted for each other. The results suggested that neither CRF nor CORT are components of the discriminative stimulus of mCCP and that the role of the HPA axis in mCPP discrimination maybe be a modulator of the stress response. However, CORT is a component of the discriminative stimulus of PTZ such that CORT is necessary for drug lever selection in PTZ trained animals.Item Hispanic Female Adolescents at Risk for Suicide and the Use of Illicit Drugs(2006-10-01) Luncheon, CecilyLuncheon, Cecily. M.D., M.P.H. Hispanic Female Adolescents at Risk for Suicide and the Use of Illicit Drugs. Doctor of Public Health, Fall 2006, 88 p.p., 31 tables, bibliography, 77 titles. This study examines the hypothesis that Latina adolescents in high school who were at risk for suicide are more likely to use illicit drugs than Non-Latinas in high school who are at risk for suicide. Data was analyzed from the 2003 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavioral Survey. A national sample of 9th-12th grades students participated in a self-administrated questionnaire at school. The study who conducted based on 6,826 Hispanic/Latinas, black, non-Hispanic and white, non-Hispanic female adolescents. Three at risk for suicide, nine frequent illicit drugs and three controlling variables were chosen to conduct the study. Chi-square test assessed the significant of difference between races and binary logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the association between at risk for suicide and drug use. Among the three race/ethnicities who were at risk for suicide, Hispanic/Latinas had the highest drug use prevalence. The first logistic regression model that seriously consider attempting suicide were associated with Latinas (OR= 1/0.68 [95% CI, 1/0.53-1/0/87]), suburban youth (1.28 [1.02-1.63]), marijuana (1.79 [1.49-2.16]), inhalants (2.58 [1/46-3.28]), and steroids without MD’s prescription (1.98 [1.32-2.99]). The second logistic regression model established that those who made a suicide plan were associated with Latinas (OR=1/0.66 [95% CI, 1/0.48-1/0.91]), marijuana (1.40 [1.00-1.95]), inhalants (3.18 [2.05-3.79]), methamphetamines (2.21 [1.42-3.76]), and used a needle to inject any illegal drug (4.24 [1.29-12.66]). While the third logistic regression model found that attempted suicide were associated with Latinas (OR= 1/0.67 [95% CI, 1/0.48-1/0.94]), 11th and 12th grades (0.66 [0.46-0.94]) and (0.40 [0.27-0.60]), marijuana 2.50 [1.99-3.16]), cocaine (1.67 [1.09-2.58]), inhalants (2.69 [1.89-3.82]), methamphetamines, taken steroids without MD’s prescription (1.95 [1.12-3.40]) and used a needle to inject any illegal drug (4.30 [1.16-15.87]). Greater awareness about the physical and mental health status of Latinas are needed to ensure that good mental health programs are available for Latina adolescents.Item Is There a Relationship Between Impulsiveness, Risk Perception, Alcohol Problems, Race/Ethnicity, and Alcohol-Related Injury Type?(2006-05-01) Hamann, Cara; Cardarelli, Kathryn; Field, Craig; Fischbach, LoriThis cross-sectional study examined the associations between impulsiveness, risk perception, alcohol problems, race/ethnicity and alcohol-related intentional injury of 1504 White, Black, and Hispanic trauma patients from the emergency department at a Level 1 Trauma center in Dallas, Texas. After controlling for race/ethnicity, age, gender, education, marital status, drug use, and annual frequency of heavy drinking, injury-related alcohol problems within the past 12 months (OR= 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.18) had a moderate effect on intentional injury. Impulsiveness (total score, motor, and non-planning) and alcohol problems (total score, physical, interpersonal, social responsibility, and injury) had moderate effects on intentional injury in univariate analyses, but these effects became null in multivariate analyses. Race/ethnicity had a large effect on injury type in all models considered in the study, with Blacks (estimated ORs ranged from 3.06 to 3.54, 95% CIs ranged from 2.08 to 5.18) and Hispanics (estimated ORs ranged from 2.29 to 2.47, 95% CIs ranged from 1.61 to 3.52) having greater odds of intentional in jury in comparison to Whites in univariate and multivariate analyses. Overall, race/ethnicity and injury-related alcohol problems were the only variable of interest that showed effects on intentional injury. Lack of significant results may be partially explained the use of ICD-9 codes to categorize injury type. Future studies should address limitations and alternatives of using ICD-9 codes to evaluate psychological and behavioral factors.Item Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes Twenty-five Years of Objective Study of the Higher Nervous Activity (Behaviour) of Animals(International Publishers, 1928-01-01) Gantt, W.; Volborth, G.; Cannon, Walter; Pavlov, IvanTranslator's Preface 9 I. P. Pavlov: A Biographical Sketch, By Dr. W. Horsley Gantt . 11 Introduction To The English Translation, By Prof. Walter B. Cannon 33 Author's Preface To The English Translation 35 Preface To The First Russian Edition • 37 Chapter. I. Experimental Psychology And Psycho-Pathology In Animals – 47 II. . The Psychical Secretion Of The Salivary Glands (Complex Nervous Phenomena In The Work Of The Salivary Glands) 61 III. The First Sure Steps Along The Path Of A New Investigation 76 IV. Scientific Study Of The So-Called Psychical Processes In The Higher Animals 81 V. Conditioned Reflexes In Dogs After Destruction Of Different Parts Of The Cerebral Hemispheres 97 VI. The Cortical Taste Centre Of Dr. Gorshkov 99 VII. Mechanism Of The Highest Parts Of The Central Nervous System As Shown From The Study Of The Conditioned Reflexes 100 VIII. Further Advances Of The Objective Analysis Of Complex Nervous Phenomena, And Its Comparison With The IX. Subjective Conception Of These Phenomena • 103 X. Some General Facts About The Cerebral Centres , 115 XI. Natural Science And The Brain 120 XII. The Task And The Arrangement Of A Laboratory For The Study Of The Normal Activity Of The Highest Parts Of The Central Nervous System In The Higher Animals • 131 XIII. A Laboratory For The Study Of The Activity Of The Central Nervous System In The Higher Animals 144 XIV. The Food Centre • 147 XV. Some Fundamental Laws Of The Work Of The Cerebral Hemispheres 156 XVI. Destruction Of The Skin Analyser 165 XVII. The Process Of Differentiation Of Stimulations In The Hemispheres Of The Brain 170 XVIII. Some Principles Of The Activity Of The Central Nervous System As Shown From The Study Of Conditioned Reflexes ; Interaction Of Centres 182 XIX. Summary Of Results Of Removal Of Different Parts Of The Cerebral Hemispheres 193 XX. Internal Inhibition As A Function Of The Cerebral Hemispheres 205 XXI. The Objective Study Of The Highest Nervous Activity Of Animals . 213 XXII. The Study Of The Highest Nervous Activity • 223 XXIII. The Instability (Lability) Of Internal Inhibition In Conditioned Reflexes . 238 XXIV. The Pure Physiology Of The Brain 241 XXV. Some Facts About The Physiology Of Sleep 250 XXVI. An Analysis Of Some Complex Reflexes In The Dog; And The Relative Strength And Tension Of Several Centres 255 XXVII. Physiology And Psychology In The Study Of The Higher Nervous Activity Of Animals 261 XXVIII. The Reflex Of Purpose 275 XXIX. The Reflex Of Freedom 282 XXX. How Psychiatry May Help Us To Understand The Physiology Of The Cerebral Hemispheres 287 XXXI. Hypnotism In Animals 294 XXXII. The Normal Activity And General Constitution Of The Cerebral Hemispheres . 296 XXXIII. Internal Inhibition And Sleep-One And The Same Process 305 XXXIV. Changes In The Excitability Of Various Points Of The Cerebral Cortex As One Of Its Functional Characteristics 319 XXXV. Another Problem In Cerebral Physiology 326 XXXVI. The Latest Successes Of The Objective Study Of The Highest Nervous Activity 329 XXXVII. Relation Between Excitation And Inhibition And Their Delimitations; Experimental Neuroses In Dogs 339 XXXVIII. Effect Of Interrupting The Experimentation In Dogs With Conditioned Reflexes 350 XXXIX. Normal And Pathological States Of The Hemispheres 353 XL. The Inhibitory Type Of Nervous Systems In The Dog 363 XLI. A Physiological Study Of The Types Of Nervous Systems, I.E., Of Temperaments • 370 XLII. Certain Problems In The Physiology Of The Cerebral Hemispheres 379 Bibliography • 395 Index To Names 409 Index To .Subjects 410Item Maternal Depression as Predictor of Repeat Child Unintentional Injury(2004-12-01) Webster Krause, Lisa Ruth; Lurie, Sue; Gonzalez, AdelaWebster Krause, Lisa Ruth, Maternal Depression as Predictor of Repeat Child Unintentional Injury. Master of Public Health (Community Health), December 2004, 39 pp., 4 tables, references 28 titles. Current literature supports maternal depression as a predictor of child unintentional injury. There have been conflicting results concerning mediating and other risk factors. This study aims to reexamine the link between maternal depression and the occurrence of repeat child unintentional injury in the home. Using the NHIS 2002 data maternal depression was found to predict child repeat unintentional injury in this national sample. It was found that the most predictive model of repeat unintentional injury in this national sample. It was found that the most predictive model of repeat child unintentional injury consisted of maternal depression and low-income. Since maternal depression and low-income have been identified as underlying determinants of child unintentional injury, they should be a priority in prevention efforts so as to more effectively reduce the occurrence of repeat unintentional injury among children in the home.Item The Influence of Acculturation and Psychosocial Factors on Glycemic Control in Mexicans and Mexican Americans with Type II Diabetes(2007-04-01) Ross, Sarah; Luz Chiapa, Ana; Cardarelli, Roberto; Sanders, MarkRoss, Sarah., The Influence of Acculturation and Psychosocial Factors on Glycemic Control in Mexicans and Mexican Americans with Type II Diabetes. Master of Science (Biomedical Sciences), April, 2007, 51 pp., 5 tables, 1 figure, bibliography. Type 2 diabetes is prevalent among Mexican Americans. Tight glycemic control helps delay diabetic complications. This project aims to identify characteristics that contribute to poor glycemic control in this population. Mexican/Mexican American type 2 diabetics completed questionnaires measuring acculturation and psychosocial factors. This data was analyzed to assess the relationship of the factors and glycemic control as measured by HemoglobinA1C. Results demonstrated that subjects who felt that diabetes interfered with daily life and were dissatisfied with their physician’s answers to diabetes questions had poor glycemic control. Significant differences between acculturation groups’ responses to psychosocial measures were also found. Further studies may more accurately define the influence of acculturation on glycemic control in this population.Item The Relationship Between Adolescent Suicide and Income Inequality(2007-12-01) Harris, LauraleeHarris, Lauralee. The Relationship Between Adolescent Suicide and Income Inequality. Doctor of Public Health (Social and Behavioral), December 2007, 52 pp., 22 tables, 4 figures, references, 43 titles. Suicide is the third leading cause for adolescents in the United States. This study is an attempt to provide a tool for targeting suicide prevention efforts using measures of income inequality. Income inequality measurements included the Gini coefficient and housing value as a percent of median value of single family homes. The study included youth ages 13-21 who committed suicide in Tarrant County, Texas during a ten-year period. Analysis was conducted at the zip code level and included suicide rates, housing value, gender, ethnicity and age. Hypotheses were: there is a positive relationship between the Gini coefficient and suicide rates; there is a relationship between suicide and the median value of housing in the zip code; these relationships will be stronger for males than females. Results of regression analysis showed a positive linear relationship between the Gini coefficient and suicide, though it did not reach the .05 level of significance. The relationship was stronger for males than females. The relationship was stronger for Hispanics and Blacks than for Whites. Frequencies for the relationship between percent of median home value and suicide indicated suicides clustering within 20% +/- of the median for the zip code. Analyses of variance did not show a relationship between percent of median home value and age, gender or ethnicity. These findings do not support the use of Gini coefficient as a predictor for adolescent suicide, but do provide some support for focusing prevention efforts on youth who are near the median income within their zip code. Recommendations are made for further research into the relationship of adolescent suicide and income inequality and for strategies to minimize the effects of relative deprivation.