Browsing by Subject "Psychosocial"
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Item DIETARY INTAKE AND RELATED ATTITUDES TOWARD HEALTHY EATING DIFFER BETWEEN AFRICAN-AMERICAN AND HISPANIC UNDERSERVED YOUTH(2014-03) Proffitt Leyva, Randi; Franks, SusanPurpose (a): Underserved African-American (AA) and Hispanic youth are disproportionally affected by obesity. This comparative study examined dietary intake and attitudes toward healthy food intake between AA and Hispanic underserved youth. Methods (b): Participants (n=112) ages 8 to 12 (X= 9.2) were assessed prior to beginning an after-school obesity prevention program at various community centers in Fort Worth, Texas. Forty-two percent were normal weight and 58% were overweight or obese. Youth completed a 24-hour dietary recall, and cumulative scores for Healthy Food (HF) and Unhealthy Food (UF) intake were obtained. Self-report surveys included confidence for increasing fruit/vegetable intake (FV) and for reducing fat intake (FAT), and intrinsic motivation for healthy eating (MOT). Differences between Hispanic and AA youth for HF, UF, MOT, FV and FAT were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U. Relationships among variables were analyzed using Spearman correlation. Bonferroni correction was applied. Results (c): AA as compared to Hispanic youth reported less HF (p=.003). Between group comparisons for other variables were non-significant. HF was correlated with FV for AA (r=.395, p=.003) and Hispanics (r=.452, p=.001), and with MOT for AA (r=.419, p=.002). All other correlations were non-significant. Conclusions (d): Among underserved youth, AA may be consuming much less healthy food than Hispanics. Although they did not differ in motivation or confidence for healthy eating, intake of healthy food appears highly related to degree of confidence for choosing fruits and vegetables for both groups. A focus on improvement in motivation also may be valuable in improving healthy food intake for AA. Results have implications for the development of culturally sensitive dietary interventions.Item THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AGGRESSION AND DHEA-S(2013-04-12) Marshall, HayleyPurpose: The purpose was to assess the association between aggression, including the subcategories of physical, verbal, anger, and hostility aggression, with serum DHEA-S levels in non-Hispanic Caucasian (NHC), non-Hispanic African American (AA), and Hispanic (H) women, aged 20-40 years. Methods: Data were obtained from the Racial/Ethnic Differences in Stress Age Among Women Study. This study included women 20 - 40 years of age who were not pregnant and not taking glucocorticoids. Participants also did not have cancer; endocrine disorders (e.g. Diabetes Mellitus); thyroid, parathyroid, or adrenal gland disorders; or immunologic disease (e.g. HIV, AIDS, Lupus). Participants completed self-reported questionnaires including the Aggression Questionnaire. DHEA-S levels were measured via a blood draw. Five simple linear regression models were analyzed with each category of aggression as the independent variable and DHEA-S as the dependent variable. Multiple linear regressions included the aggression category, age, and race/ethnicity. Log-transformed DHEA-S was utilized to achieve normality. Statistical significance was assessed at alphad0.05. Results: A total of 70 women with mean age of 29.4(sd=5.4) were included. There were 23 NHC, 21 AA, and 27 H participants. In crude analysis, an increase in total(p=0.019) and verbal aggression (p=0.008) was associated with a decrease in logDHEA-S. The association for physical aggression approached significance (p=0.059). After controlling for age and race/ethnicity, an increase in verbal aggression (p=0.021) was associated with a decrease in logDHEA-S. A borderline association was observed for total aggression (p=0.054). Compared to NHC, being AA was associated with a decrease in logDHEA-S in models with total, physical, and anger aggression. The association approached significance in the models for verbal and hostility aggression. An increase in age was associated with a decrease in logDHEA-S in all models. Conclusions: Results indicate there is interplay between the psychosocial factors of physical, verbal, and total aggression (the first two being physical manifestations of aggression) with DHEA-S levels. Since DHEA-S is associated with many (non)physiological processes, it is important that future clinicians understand how these biopsychosocial aspects of life can influence each patient individually. If clinicians can understand these relationships, then they can work with their patients towards a goal of both physical and psychosocial well-being.