Browsing by Subject "adolescents"
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Item DRINKING HABITS IN HIGH SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN TEXAS(2014-03) Tran, Michael N.H.; Simon, Joe; Ramisetty-Mikler, SusieBinge drinking and related risk-taking behaviors by adolescents is a major public health issue in the US. Effective intervention strategies will require further attention to other positive and negative covariates, enforcement of the legal drinking age, looking at those who engage in violence sober, and interventions programs for students at-risk. Purpose (a): A major public health concern facing high schools in the United States is binge drinking among 9th-12th grade students and its consequences towards adolescent health and well-being, especially physical violence. The short and long term consequences of binge drinking include blackouts, memory loss, suicides, academic failures, violence, and automobile accidents. This study examines the association between binge drinking and other risk behaviors with physical violence among high school students in Texas. Methods (b): Data was analyzed from the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) to examine the prevalence of binge drinking among high school students in Texas and its relationship to other categories of risk behavior like smoking, marijuana use, and drugs without prescription. Binge drinking is defined as consuming ≥5 drinks in about 2 hours. Prevalence estimates, odds ratios, p-values, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the different patterns of alcohol consumption and physical violence. Results (c): 53.4% of the participants are associated with both physical fights in schools and an episode of > 1 binge drinking in the last one year. Males have higher odds (OR=2.511) with increased violence compared to females. Among different ethnicities, African Americans have higher odds (OR=1.566) of violence compared to any other ethnic groups. Students who binge drank were more likely than both nondrinkers and current drinkers who did not binge, to report being in a physical fight at least once in twelve months. Other covariates such as male gender (OR=2.51), smoking marijuana (OR=1.52), smoking tobacco (OR=1.84) and using drugs without prescription (OR=1.64) have an association with increased physical fights. Conclusions (d): The alcohol consumption, especially binge drinking, and other risk factors (smoking, marijuana use, and drug use without prescription) among high school adolescents is significantly associated with increased violence. Study limitations include generalizability of the results and over/under reporting of the responses. Effective intervention strategies will require further attention to other positive and negative covariates, enforcement of the legal drinking age, looking at those who engage in violence sober, and interventions programs for students at-risk.Item Eating Disorders: Best Age for Education and Prevention(2004-05-01) Chasmawala, Jayshri R.; Susan Franks; Susan Eve; Muriel MarshallChasmawala, Jayshri R., Eating Disorders: Best Age for Prevention and Education. Master of Public Health (Dual Degree D.O./M.P.H.), May 2004, 22 pp., 11 tables, 6 illustrations, references, 16 titles. Objective: This study attempts to determine the best age to design a prevention program to prevent the development of eating disorders based on adolescents’ behavior and attitudes towards eating disorders. Methods: Forty students aged 11-17 answered a self-reported questionnaire regarding dieting and weight, identification of emotional states, and general awareness of eating disorders. Age group divided the sample: 13 years of age and younger; and 14 years of age and older. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine existence of any differences between the populations. Results: An overall difference in the age groups exists with statistic significance. The difference in mean values of interoceptive awareness is statistically significant between the age groups. Conclusion: Interoceptive Awareness, not awareness level of eating disorders, is more indicative of the best age for prevention. Younger age children may benefit more from prevention due to lack of emotional maturity which leads to higher risk of development of eating disorders.Item Growing Up, Hooking Up, and Drinking: A Review of Uncommitted Sexual Behavior and Its Association With Alcohol Use and Related Consequences Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019-08-22) Garcia, Tracey A.; Litt, Dana M.; Davis, Kelly Cue; Norris, Jeanette; Kaysen, Debra; Lewis, Melissa A.Hookups are uncommitted sexual encounters that range from kissing to intercourse and occur between individuals in whom there is no current dating relationship and no expressed or acknowledged expectations of a relationship following the hookup. Research over the last decade has begun to focus on hooking up among adolescents and young adults with significant research demonstrating how alcohol is often involved in hooking up. Given alcohol's involvement with hooking up behavior, the array of health consequences associated with this relationship, as well as its increasing prevalence from adolescence to young adulthood, it is important to determine the predictors and consequences associated with alcohol-related hooking up. The current review extends prior reviews by adding more recent research, including both qualitative and experimental studies (i.e., expanding to review more diverse methods), research that focuses on the use of technology in alcohol-related hookups (i.e., emerging issues), further develops prevention and intervention potentials and directions, and also offers a broader discussion of hooking up outside of college student populations (i.e., expanding generalization). This article will review the operationalization and ambiguity of the phrase hooking up, the relationship between hooking up and alcohol use at both the global and event levels, predictors of alcohol-related hooking up, and both positive and negative consequences, including sexual victimization, associated with alcohol-related hookups. Throughout, commentary is provided on the methodological issues present in the field, as well as limitations of the existing research. Future directions for research that could significantly advance our understanding of hookups and alcohol use are provided.Item Growing Up, Hooking Up, and Drinking: A Review of Uncommitted Sexual Behavior and Its Association With Alcohol Use and Related Consequences Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019-08-22) Garcia, Tracey A.; Litt, Dana M.; Davis, Kelly Cue; Norris, Jeanette; Kaysen, Debra; Lewis, Melissa A.Hookups are uncommitted sexual encounters that range from kissing to intercourse and occur between individuals in whom there is no current dating relationship and no expressed or acknowledged expectations of a relationship following the hookup. Research over the last decade has begun to focus on hooking up among adolescents and young adults with significant research demonstrating how alcohol is often involved in hooking up. Given alcohol's involvement with hooking up behavior, the array of health consequences associated with this relationship, as well as its increasing prevalence from adolescence to young adulthood, it is important to determine the predictors and consequences associated with alcohol-related hooking up. The current review extends prior reviews by adding more recent research, including both qualitative and experimental studies (i.e., expanding to review more diverse methods), research that focuses on the use of technology in alcohol-related hookups (i.e., emerging issues), further develops prevention and intervention potentials and directions, and also offers a broader discussion of hooking up outside of college student populations (i.e., expanding generalization). This article will review the operationalization and ambiguity of the phrase hooking up, the relationship between hooking up and alcohol use at both the global and event levels, predictors of alcohol-related hooking up, and both positive and negative consequences, including sexual victimization, associated with alcohol-related hookups. Throughout, commentary is provided on the methodological issues present in the field, as well as limitations of the existing research. Future directions for research that could significantly advance our understanding of hookups and alcohol use are provided.Item Multiple primary cancers in survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers in the United States, SEER 1973-2012(2016-05-01) Hall, Lauren R.; Felini, Martha J.; Suzuki, SumihiroDespite improvements in cancer survival rates, cancer survivors have an increased risk for a number of health issues including the development of multiple primary cancers (MPCs). MPCs have been well-studied in childhood and adult cancer survivors, but the risk of developing MPCs is not well-characterized in survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers. Additionally, the role of survival from MPCs in AYA cancers has not yet been examined. The present study utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries (1973-2012) to assess the risk for MPCs and survival after a second primary cancer (SPC) in survivors of AYA cancers. Individuals diagnosed with a first primary cancer between the ages of 15 and 39 were included in this study. Overall and site-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and excess absolute risks (EAR) were assessed, and multivariable Poisson regression models were used to assess the risk for MPCs over time. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards modeling were utilized to assess survival after a SPC. Out of 227,569 AYA survivors, 15,069 (6.6%) developed a MPC two or more months after the first primary cancer. Survivors of AYA cancers had a nearly 2-fold increased risk of developing an MPC (SIR=1.86, 95% CI 1.84-1.89). The most common MPCs in AYAs were breast cancer, digestive system cancers, and skin cancers. Age at first cancer diagnosis, gender, race, radiation treatment, type of first primary cancer, and latency were significantly associated with the development of a MPC. We observed females had a reduced risk for death compared to males (HR=0.73, 95% CI 0.68-0.78) after a SPC, and Blacks had an increased risk for death after a SPC compared to Whites (HR=1.23, 95% CI 1.18-1.38). Our findings indicate that AYA cancer survivors are at higher risk for multiple primary cancers and provide new knowledge of the survival from second primary cancers in the AYA population. We observed that males and Blacks have a worse prognosis after the development of a subsequent cancer. This may have direct implications on the clinical management and prevention strategies for AYA cancer survivors.Item Synergy 2011: Annual Research Report(2011-01-01)Item The Color of Smoke: An Examination of the Relationship between Menthol Cigarettes and Youth Smoking(2009-05-01) Garner, William A.; Dr. Kristine LykensBackground. Research on the use and effect of menthol content in cigarettes is well established. More recent is research on the effect of menthol content on the smoking habits of school-aged youth. This study examined the relationship between menthol content and current cigarette use to test whether menthol content is predictive of current cigarette use among school-aged youth. Methods. This study included all respondents to the 2004 National Youth Tobacco Survey who were 17 years old and younger and who indicated they were current smokers. Ordinal and generalized logistic regressions were used to estimate the relationship between menthol content and current cigarette use, controlling for sociocontextual and demographic factors. All analyses were performed in STATA 10. Results. In general, menthol content has a positive but not statistically significant effect on current cigarette use, controlling for sociocontextual factors. However, menthol content has a positive and statistically significant effect on days smoked (OR=1.2; p=0.046), on current cigarette use, controlling for demographic factors (OR=1.3; p=0.011); and on current cigarette use for light smokers (OR=1.3; p [less than] 0.001) and heavy smokers (OR=2.3; p [less than] 0.001), controlling for demographic factors. Conclusion: More research is needed to understand the true effect of menthol content on the smoking habits of school-aged youth across the smoking continuum.