Browsing by Subject "alcohol"
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Item DRINKING HABITS IN HIGH SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN TEXAS(2014-03) Tran, Michael N.H.; Simon, Joe; Ramisetty-Mikler, SusieBinge drinking and related risk-taking behaviors by adolescents is a major public health issue in the US. Effective intervention strategies will require further attention to other positive and negative covariates, enforcement of the legal drinking age, looking at those who engage in violence sober, and interventions programs for students at-risk. Purpose (a): A major public health concern facing high schools in the United States is binge drinking among 9th-12th grade students and its consequences towards adolescent health and well-being, especially physical violence. The short and long term consequences of binge drinking include blackouts, memory loss, suicides, academic failures, violence, and automobile accidents. This study examines the association between binge drinking and other risk behaviors with physical violence among high school students in Texas. Methods (b): Data was analyzed from the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) to examine the prevalence of binge drinking among high school students in Texas and its relationship to other categories of risk behavior like smoking, marijuana use, and drugs without prescription. Binge drinking is defined as consuming ≥5 drinks in about 2 hours. Prevalence estimates, odds ratios, p-values, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the different patterns of alcohol consumption and physical violence. Results (c): 53.4% of the participants are associated with both physical fights in schools and an episode of > 1 binge drinking in the last one year. Males have higher odds (OR=2.511) with increased violence compared to females. Among different ethnicities, African Americans have higher odds (OR=1.566) of violence compared to any other ethnic groups. Students who binge drank were more likely than both nondrinkers and current drinkers who did not binge, to report being in a physical fight at least once in twelve months. Other covariates such as male gender (OR=2.51), smoking marijuana (OR=1.52), smoking tobacco (OR=1.84) and using drugs without prescription (OR=1.64) have an association with increased physical fights. Conclusions (d): The alcohol consumption, especially binge drinking, and other risk factors (smoking, marijuana use, and drug use without prescription) among high school adolescents is significantly associated with increased violence. Study limitations include generalizability of the results and over/under reporting of the responses. Effective intervention strategies will require further attention to other positive and negative covariates, enforcement of the legal drinking age, looking at those who engage in violence sober, and interventions programs for students at-risk.Item Growing Up, Hooking Up, and Drinking: A Review of Uncommitted Sexual Behavior and Its Association With Alcohol Use and Related Consequences Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019-08-22) Garcia, Tracey A.; Litt, Dana M.; Davis, Kelly Cue; Norris, Jeanette; Kaysen, Debra; Lewis, Melissa A.Hookups are uncommitted sexual encounters that range from kissing to intercourse and occur between individuals in whom there is no current dating relationship and no expressed or acknowledged expectations of a relationship following the hookup. Research over the last decade has begun to focus on hooking up among adolescents and young adults with significant research demonstrating how alcohol is often involved in hooking up. Given alcohol's involvement with hooking up behavior, the array of health consequences associated with this relationship, as well as its increasing prevalence from adolescence to young adulthood, it is important to determine the predictors and consequences associated with alcohol-related hooking up. The current review extends prior reviews by adding more recent research, including both qualitative and experimental studies (i.e., expanding to review more diverse methods), research that focuses on the use of technology in alcohol-related hookups (i.e., emerging issues), further develops prevention and intervention potentials and directions, and also offers a broader discussion of hooking up outside of college student populations (i.e., expanding generalization). This article will review the operationalization and ambiguity of the phrase hooking up, the relationship between hooking up and alcohol use at both the global and event levels, predictors of alcohol-related hooking up, and both positive and negative consequences, including sexual victimization, associated with alcohol-related hookups. Throughout, commentary is provided on the methodological issues present in the field, as well as limitations of the existing research. Future directions for research that could significantly advance our understanding of hookups and alcohol use are provided.Item Growing Up, Hooking Up, and Drinking: A Review of Uncommitted Sexual Behavior and Its Association With Alcohol Use and Related Consequences Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019-08-22) Garcia, Tracey A.; Litt, Dana M.; Davis, Kelly Cue; Norris, Jeanette; Kaysen, Debra; Lewis, Melissa A.Hookups are uncommitted sexual encounters that range from kissing to intercourse and occur between individuals in whom there is no current dating relationship and no expressed or acknowledged expectations of a relationship following the hookup. Research over the last decade has begun to focus on hooking up among adolescents and young adults with significant research demonstrating how alcohol is often involved in hooking up. Given alcohol's involvement with hooking up behavior, the array of health consequences associated with this relationship, as well as its increasing prevalence from adolescence to young adulthood, it is important to determine the predictors and consequences associated with alcohol-related hooking up. The current review extends prior reviews by adding more recent research, including both qualitative and experimental studies (i.e., expanding to review more diverse methods), research that focuses on the use of technology in alcohol-related hookups (i.e., emerging issues), further develops prevention and intervention potentials and directions, and also offers a broader discussion of hooking up outside of college student populations (i.e., expanding generalization). This article will review the operationalization and ambiguity of the phrase hooking up, the relationship between hooking up and alcohol use at both the global and event levels, predictors of alcohol-related hooking up, and both positive and negative consequences, including sexual victimization, associated with alcohol-related hookups. Throughout, commentary is provided on the methodological issues present in the field, as well as limitations of the existing research. Future directions for research that could significantly advance our understanding of hookups and alcohol use are provided.Item MULTIPLE FRUIT-FLAVORED ALCOHOLIC DRINK IN A CAN (MFAC) USE AMONG SUBSTANCE USING ADULTS ON PROBATION(2014-03) Rossheim, Matthew E.; Rodgriguez, Mayra; Walters, Scott T.; Lerch, Jennifer; Taxman, Faye S.Purpose (a): Over the last decade, an emerging class of large, canned alcohol products (e.g. Four Loko, Joose, Blast) have been marketed in the U.S. Research suggests that consumption of these MFAC products could contribute to hazardous alcohol consumption. However, little is known about their consumption and related harm. Methods (b): In Dallas, TX and Baltimore, MD, 211 interviews were conducted with adults on probation who were participating in a larger clinical trial. Inclusion criteria included (1) being on probation, (2) being 18 years or older, (3) speaking English, and (4) either (a) using any illicit drug in the past 90 days or (b) consuming 5 alcoholic drinks (or 4 for women) on a single occasion in the past 90 days. Results (c): For our analyses, we sub-selected individuals with a recent history of alcohol consumption; 143 participants (68%) consumed alcohol in the past 30 days. This sample was mostly black (71%) males (64%). Among this sample, 22 (15.4%) had consumed an MFAC in the past 30 days. A nearly equal proportion of black and white, Hispanic and non-Hispanic, and male and female participants reported consuming these products in this time period. Interestingly, individuals who reported being homeless in the past 30 days were nearly twice as likely to consume an MFAC during this time period compared to those who were not homeless (32% vs. 12%). Conclusions (d): Because of their marketing, these products were thought to largely appeal to youth. Among a national sample of underage youth who consumed alcohol in the past 30 days, 8% (6-11%, 95% CI) reported consuming at least one MFAC in the past 30 days. Recent consumption of MFACs among our sample of high-risk substance using individuals on probation is even greater than these rates. Given the inexpensive cost of per unit of alcohol and large number of calories these products afford, it is possible that these products provide lower socio-economic individuals with added benefits. An examination of the types of users might add to a small literature on how such products are attractive to different groups. Further work might be needed to compare this to other groups or a nationally representative sample.Item Race/Hispanicity and Use of Alcohol and Illicit Drugs in the United States Construction Industry(2004-05-01) Rosario-Rosado, Rosa V.; Antonio A. Rene; Sharon Clark; Karan SinghRosario-Rosado, Rosa V., M.S. Race/Hispanicity and Use of Alcohol and Illicit Drugs in the United States Construction Industry. Doctor of Public Health (Epidemiology), May 2004, 135 pp., 19 tables, bibliography, 49 Titles. This study explored the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse’s data in order to identify any difference in the patterns of substance use among different groups represented in the national construction industry. The study included male, 18 years and older, self-classified as U.S.-born non-Hispanic Whites, U.S.-born non-Hispanic African Americans, U.S.-born Hispanics or immigrant Hispanics with different lengths of stay in the U.S. (less than five years; five years to less than 10 years; and 10 or more years), that indicated working in the construction industry. Substances of interest were alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, crack, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, and psychotherapeutics. Differences by race/hispanicity in substance use were found. Immigrant Hispanics living in the U.S. for less than five years were significantly (p [less than] .0001) less likely to use substances as compared to other groups. Immigrant Hispanics with five to less than 10 years and those with 10 or more years living in the U.S. were 1.096 (95% CL = 1.079 to 1.112) and 1.160 (95% CL= 1.146 to 1.175) times more likely to use any illicit drug during past year, respectively, when compared with U.S.-born Hispanics. Characteristics associated with the past year and the past month use of substances were: working for a small company, missing two or more whole days of work due to sickness or injury, and skipping three or more days of work. Findings of this study suggest that, when designing substance use and abuse prevention programs, it is not only important to take into consideration differences by race/hispanicity, but that the length of stay in the U.S. also can affect the substance use behaviors of immigrant construction workers.