Browsing by Subject "asthma"
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Item Association Between Breastfeeding and Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study(2003-08-01) Trombley, Ann M.; Manuel Bayona; Raghbir SandhuTrombley, Ann M., Association Between Breastfeeding and Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study. Master of Public Health (Epidemiology), August 2003, 17 pp., 12 tables, bibliography, 54 titles. Controversy has surrounded the topic of breastfeeding and if it provides a protective effect against childhood asthma. The objective of this study was to assess whether a relationship exists between breastfeeding and childhood asthma. This study also examined several significant predictors of childhood asthma. A cross-sectional study was conducted using NHANES 1999-2000 data to identify and assess the crude and multivariate associations between the above mentioned variables and asthma and the effect that breastfeeding has on these relationships. Prevalence of asthma in this study was 12.5 per 100. Mexican Americans were found to have a protective association with the development of asthma. A strong protective association was found for those who were breastfed and the development of childhood asthma (OR=0.693, p-value=0.014).Item Association Between Emergency Hospital Admissions of the Adult Population with Preexisting Respiratory Conditions and Ozone Air Quality Index(2006-12-01) Muzina, Miranda; Terry Gratton; Douglas Mains; Raghbir SandhuMuzina, Miranda, Association Between Emergency Hospital Admissions of the Adult Population with Preexisting Respiratory Conditions and Ozone Air Quality Index. Master of Public Health (Environmental Health), December 2006, 117 pp., 23 tables, 18 figures, references, 128 titles. This study examined if an association exists between seasonal ozone air pollution in the Fort Worth area and patients admitted to local area hospitals with existing asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis and COPD. Ozone is secondary pollutant formed in a complex reaction between oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds, in the presence of sunlight and heat. The EPA has classified the Dallas-Fort Worth area as a non-attainment area by for ozone. The study did not find any apparent association between seasonal ozone AQI and the emergency respiration admissions. The available hospital data significantly limited analyzing the connection between emergency hospitalization and daily fluctuations of ozone. Further studies are needed to address this complex relationship in a broader perspective.Item Asthma Outcomes of Children in a Pediatric Asthma Program: A Comparison of Outcomes Among Publicly and Privately Insured Participants(2010-05-01) Crowther, Anne E.; Reyes-Ortiz, CarlosThis study was a secondary analysis of the Asthma Management Program at Children’s Medical Center. The evaluation of outcomes of the six month program includes participants enrolled between June 2001 and August 2009 (n= 472). The program consisted of biweekly telephonic education and two home visits. In the bivariate analyses, privately insured children had significant lower means for emergency room visits, unscheduled clinic visits, and missed school days compared to those with public insurance (all p [less than] .05). All four asthma control outcomes improved from baseline to the 6 month followup (all p [less than] .001). In the multivariate longitudinal analyses, private insurance predicted lower number of emergency room consultations (beta 0.022, p [less than] .001) during the program.Item Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on the Inflammatory Mediators Related to Asthma(2015-05-01) Ragland, Christina E.; David C. Mason; Rita Patterson; Sid E. O'BryantThe purpose of this study was to explore the impact of OMT on the macroscopic and microscopic measures of asthma. This was accomplished through a repeated measures design, and the asthma quality of life questionnaire was used to assess asthma severity. Inflammatory proteins known as cytokines, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and spirometry were used to assess for change immediately after the OMT was performed. Although no statistically significant changes were measured, inflammatory cytokines specific to asthma decreased (IL-4, IL-5), while more general inflammatory cytokines increased after OMT (IL-6, CRP). Spirometry showed a slight decrease in FEV1 and FVC after OMT, although this decrease was neither statistically nor clinically significant. These trends illustrate the need for further investigation into the mechanism of OMT and its role in asthma treatment. The inflammatory cascade that drives asthma is complex and other diseases and lifestyle habits also generate and modify inflammation in the body. As such confounding factors such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, obesity, COPD, and cigarette smoking, should be taken into consideration in future studies.Item Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Children: Compliance with a Home Smoking Ban Among Texas Households(2007-12-01) Rodriguez, Lori A.; Cardarelli, Kathryn; Ramisetty-Mikler, Suhasini; Lin, Yu-ShengRodriguez, Lori A., Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Children: Compliance With a Home Smoking Ban Among Texas Households. Master of Public Health (Epidemiology), December, 2007, 72 pp., 10 tables, bibliography, 75 titles. This general population study explores characteristics influencing non-compliance with a home smoking ban among Texas households with children, particularly those with asthmatic children. Over 17% of adults reported non-compliance, with the highest rate in African Americans. Adults who currently smoke (25%) had higher reports of having an asthmatic child in the household and were more likely to not comply. Child asthma status was not a significant predictor of non-compliance; however, African Americans with no asthmatic children were more likely than African Americans with an asthmatic child to not comply. The role of race/ethnicity should be further investigated to improve interventions and home smoking bans should continue to be promoted in an effort to reduce environmental tobacco smoke exposure.Item Health Games: Questions and Answers from Free Online NLM Resources(2016-11-01) Gibson D. Lewis Health Science Library; Sheldon, Lorraine; Smith, Jacqui E.This document is a printable card game for children and youth that provides samples of questions from health games online. Print double sided and cut on dotted lines. The purpose of this document is to promote the National Library of Medicine as part of Gibson D. Lewis Library’s function as a Resource Library.Item Investigating the Role of Stress in a Murine Model of Asthma(2008-07-01) Deshmukh, Aniket; Harlan Jones; P. Mathew; Jerry SimeckaThe mechanisms by which stress can exacerbate asthma are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the immunological links between stress controllability and asthma pathogenesis. Our studies reveal specificity of stress control and immune activation resulting in hyper-inflammatory reactions in response to allergic airway challenge. We anticipate that these studies can serve as a translational piece to facilitate clinical studies of stress and asthma prevalence. The purpose of this project was to establish a murine model of stress controllability and demonstrate the impact of stress on the development of immune allergic airway hypersensitivity as a major feature of asthma. I hypothesized that given the ability to control the degree of stress would translate into less severe allergic airway hypersensitivity. We also hypothesized that distinct changes in immune responses generated in response to uncontrolled stress would reflect the extent of airway hypersensitivity. Mice were exposed to daily regimen of uncontrollable stress, controllable stress or no stress concurrently with allergen exposure. Behavioral disposition to stress was monitored in conjunction with evaluation of severity of asthma and immune status. Our results demonstrate that exerting control over stress conditions leads to distinct changes in immunological status corresponding with positive behavioral responses and less disease severity. We anticipate that our studies will facilitate application of stress management in control of immune status as a biomarker for asthma progression.Item Measurement of Health Care Professional Concordance with the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Guidelines for the Management of Asthma(2007-05-01) Oshitoye, Jeannette AdetokunboAsthma is a widely prevalent chronic disease affecting children in the United States. Prior studies show that blacks are more likely to die from asthma than other racial groups. Despite this fact, blacks are less likely to receive the recommended medication to appropriately treat their asthma. Because of the disparity in treatment, this study was conducted to determine if minorities were receiving information recommended by the NAEPP Guidelines. Logistic regression was used to determine the receipt of instructional information. Results show that males are less likely; and those below the age of 17 are more likely to receive the information.Item Predictors for the Severity of Asthma in the Hospital Setting. An Epidemiologic Study Based on Hospital Records from the Texas Health Care Information Council(2005-04-01) Marruffo, MarcoMarruffo, Marco, Predictors for the Severity of Asthma in the Hospital Setting. An Epidemiologic Study Based on Hospital Records from the Texas Health Care Information Council. Doctor of Public Health (Epidemiology), May 2005, 118 pp., 40 tables, 3 figures, bibliography, 62 titles. The purpose of this research was to identify and assess prognostic factors for severity and risk of death among 27,383 hospitalized asthma patients in the state of Texas during 2002, by using the public available Texas Hospital Inpatient data, collected by The Texas Health Care Information Council (TCHIC)(TCHIC, 2002). Data was analyzed by means of multinomial logistic regression using minor risk as the reference group. Among other results severe asthma cases were 20% more likely to be females, 20% more probability to have HIV/AIDS, 5.5 times more chance to be obese, 4.2 times more likely to have esophageal reflux, 1.7 times more likely to be hypertensive, and 11.8 times more likely to have diabetes as compared to those without severe asthma (p [less than] 0.001). Obese were 2.8, diabetics 3.3, those with urinary tract infection 2.3, those with fever 3.1 and those with congestive heart failure 7.5 times more likely to have major risk of death due to asthma (p [less than] 0.001). The results of this study can be used to identify high risk groups to plan and applied control measures for tertiary prevention of severity and death due to asthma.