Browsing by Subject "chemotherapy"
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Item An Open-Label Pilot Study Evaluating the Effects of Travoprost on Eyebrow Regrowth Among Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Cancer(2005-12-01) Habib, Nausheen; Jamboor Vishwanatha; Harold J. Sheedlo; Michael W. MartinHabib, Nausheen. Master of Science, Biomedical Sciences, December 2005, An Open-Label Pilot Study Evaluating the Effects of Travoprost on Eyebrow Regrowth Among Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Cancer. The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of eyebrow hair growth of a twice daily application of travoprost among patients undergoing chemotherapy or those who have already completed chemotherapy. Travoprost, used clinically in the treatment of glaucoma, is topically and unilaterally applied to a total of 15 patients to induce eyebrow hair growth. This is an ongoing pilot study in which the screening, treatment and follow-up visits are scheduled on day 0, week 4, week 8, week 12, and week 14. After an eight week treatment period, 69% of the patients demonstrated increased eyebrow density. This increase in eyebrow hair is consistent with travoprost’s ability to prolong the anagen or growing phase of the hair cycle.Item Clinical Internship with the Division of Gynecologic Oncology at UT Southwestern Medical Center: Carboplatin and Doxil for Gynecologic Cancers(2003-12-01) Epps, Camitria N.; Victoria Rudick; David S. Miller; Barbara RichardsonEpps, Camitria N., Master of Science, Clinical Research Management, December 2003, Carboplatin and Doxil for Gynecologic Cancers, 107 Pages, 9 Tables, 42 titles in Bibliography. Objective: To examine the safety and efficacy of administering the drugs carboplatin and doxil in combination chemotherapy for the treatment of gynecologic cancers, mainly endometrial and ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods: Carboplatin and doxil were previously administered intravenously to 6 patients. Each patient received 3 to 8 cycles of chemotherapy. Doses of carboplatin ranged from 310 mg to 665 mg. The doses of doxil ranged from 54 mg to 80 mg. This is a retrospective study. The 6 patient’s medical charts were reviewed. Data was extracted and a spreadsheet formatted database was created. Results: Data were extracted and a spreadsheet formatted database was created. Results: Due to the small number of patients the results are not statistically significant. 2 patients showed tumor progression while receiving treatment. All patients tolerated doses very well and experienced minimal toxicities. Conclusion: Carboplatin plus doxil combination chemotherapy given intravenously has a potent effect on endometrial and ovarian cancers. Studies using this chemotherapy for the treatment of gynecologic cancers should be conducted on a wider scale to access the statistical significance of the treatment.Item Gender Differences in Hemoglobin Level at the Onset of Symptoms of Cancer-Related Anemia(2003-12-01) Levar, Joshua M.; Victoria RudickLevar, Joshua M., Gender Differences in Hemoglobin Level at the Onset of Symptoms of Cancer-Related Anemia. Masters (Clinical Research Management), December, 2004, 39 pp., 2 tables, 5 illustrations, bibliography, 47 titles. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the previously demonstrated relationship between quality of life and anemia in cancer patients was influenced by gender. Two hundred and fifty one patients of various diagnoses completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Anemia (FACT-An) subscale to measure quality of life. Regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between hemoglobin and FACT-An subscale score, as well as a negative correlation between Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status and FACT-An subscale score. Mean comparison demonstrated a significant difference in FACT-An score between patients currently and not currently receiving chemotherapy. An analysis of covariance, controlling for current therapy and ECOG performance status as confounders, found that men score more poorly on the FACT-An within the hemoglobin range of 10.-13.0 g/dL. In conclusion, the normalization of hemoglobin levels improves quality of life; however, gender differences should be taken into account when determining optimal hemoglobin levels.Item Mechanistic studies of cytotoxic activity of the mesoionic compound MIH 2.4Bl in MCF-7 breast cancer cells(Spandidos Publications, 2020-06-19) Amaral de Mascena Costa, Luciana; Debnath, Dipti; Harmon, Ashlyn C.; de Sousa Araujo, Silvany; Diogenes da Silva Souza, Helivaldo; Filgueiras de Athayde Filho, Petronio; Wischral, Aurea; Adriao Gomes Filho, Manoel; Mathis, J. MichaelIn the present study, the cytotoxic effects of a 1,3-thiazolium-5-thiolate derivative of a mesoionic compound, MIH 2.4Bl, were assessed in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The cytotoxic effects of MIH 2.4Bl were determined using a crystal violet assay. Using a dose-response curve, the IC50 value of MIH 2.4Bl was determined to be 45.8+/-0.8 microM. Additionally, the effects of MIH 2.4Bl on mitochondrial respiration were characterized using oxygen consumption rate analysis. Treating MCF-7 cells with increasing concentrations of MIH 2.4Bl resulted in a significant reduction in all mitochondrial respiratory parameters compared with the control cells, indicative of an overall decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. The induction of autophagy by MIH 2.4Bl was also examined by measuring changes in the expression of protein markers of autophagy. As shown by western blot analysis, treatment of MCF-7 cells with MIH 2.4Bl resulted in increased protein expression levels of Beclin-1 and ATG5, as well as an increase in the microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B)-II to LC3B-I ratio compared with the control cells. Microarray analysis of changes in gene expression following MIH 2.4Bl treatment demonstrated 3,659 genes exhibited a fold-change >/=2. Among these genes, 779 were up-regulated, and 2,880 were down-regulated in cells treated with MIH 2.4Bl compared with the control cells. Based on the identity of the transcripts and fold-change of expression, six genes were selected for verification by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR; activating transcription factor 3, acidic repeat-containing protein, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, regulator of G-protein signaling 2, Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 and adhesion molecule with Ig like domain 2. The results of RT-qPCR analysis of RNA isolated from control and MIH 2.4Bl treated cells were consistent with the expression changes identified by microarray analysis. Together, these results suggest that MIH 2.4Bl may be a promising candidate for treating breast cancer and warrants further in vitro and in vivo investigation.Item SR-B1 directed nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer(2016-08-01) Johnson, Rebecca A.; Lacko, Andras G.; Basu, Alakananda; Mathew, Porunelloor A.The overall goal of this research was to determine the effectiveness of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanoparticles as a drug delivery system against metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC patients have a less favorable prognosis than those with hormone positive breast cancers. TNBC does not respond to current endocrine treatment. Consequently, the five- year survival rate for patients with metastatic TNBC is [less than] 30%. The studies performed here were intended to fill a void in the treatment of metastatic TNBC with the use of targeted reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanoparticles, an innovative approach. The rHDL nanoparticles are small, biocompatible, non-immunogenic complexes, targeted to the high-density lipoprotein receptor (scavenger receptor class B type 1 [SR-B1]). While most malignant cells and tumors overexpress the SR-B1 receptor, its expression levels are nearly undetectable in most normal tissues. These findings present the opportunity to exploit a key vulnerability of cancerous tumors as a “Trojan horse” therapeutic strategy and thus markedly limit the toxic impact of chemotherapy. Accordingly, we loaded rHDL nanoparticles with the anti-cancer drugs: valrubicin and lapatinib and tested their effectiveness against TNBC cells and cardiomyocytes. The outcome of these studies show that: (1) The rHDL encapsulated drugs performed significantly better than their free (un-encapsulated) counterparts, (2) The enhancement of the therapeutic effect of the drugs delivered via the rHDL nanoparticles was likely due to the overexpression of the SR-B1 receptor by the TNBC cells. This was confirmed by the enhanced uptake of valrubicin when delivered as a component of the rHDL complex. 3. We have also found that the combination of lapatinib and valrubicin may be ultimately more effective than the respective single drugs for the therapy of TNBC.