Browsing by Subject "diabetes"
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Item Access to Care and Hospitalizations for Diabetes Complications Among Elderly Hispanics and African Americans in Texas(2005-08-01) Chaudhary, Prateek; Kristine Lykens; Julian Borejdo; Antonio A. ReneChaudhary, Prateek. Access to Care and Hospitalizations for Diabetes Complications Among Elderly Hispanics and African Americans in Texas. Master of Public Health, August 2005, 52 pp, 6 tables, bibliography. The mismanagement of diabetes care, due to disparities in access, deficiencies in health insurance, or poor quality of primary care, can lead to preventable microvascular complications which force diabetics to utilize hospital emergency departments (ED). This study uses 2002 hospital discharge data from the Texas Health Care Information Collection to determine whether diabetic and elderly (65+) African Americans and Hispanics from Texas counties with a low ratio of physicians per, 1,000 population (PPR) are more likely to be admitted through the ED with complications from diabetes. Findings indicate that while Hispanic ethnicity is significantly associated with ED use as a source of admission, diabetics from counties with higher PPR are more likely to be admitted through the ED for diabetes complications than diabetics from counties with a lower PPR.Item COMORBID DIABETES AND DEPRESSION AND INCREASED RISK FOR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN MEXICAN AMERICANS(2014-03) Dickensheets, Tony; Johnson, Leigh; Hall, James; Obryant, SidBackground: By 2050, the percent of Hispanics in America age 65 and above will nearly triple compared to other ethnic groups. During this timeframe, the numbers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI, a prodromal stage to AD) cases among Hispanic elders is expected to grow exponentially. Given that 65% of the U.S. Hispanic population is Mexican American (MA), this ethnic group represent the fastest growing segment of the aging population, which will be disproportionately impacted by MCI and /AD in the near future. Recent work from our group suggest that depression is a significant risk factor for MCI and AD among Mexican Americans while many other “established” risk factors among non-Hispanic whites (i.e. education, gender, hypertension, diabetes, ApoEε4 genotype) are not. Another important risk factor among this population is diabetes (DM). Depression and DM have been shown to be pathologically linked several times in the past, however little research has examined the affect that comorbidity of depression and DM has on cognitive impairment in an ethnically diverse sample Purpose (a): To determine whether there is a connection between depression, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease in the Mexican American population. Methods (b): Methods: This study used data from three separate cohorts: HABLE, TARCC, and Project FRONTIER. In HABLE data was collected from 208 MA (AGE= 62years; EDU=7years); TARCC had 2080 Non- Hispanic white (AGE=75; EDU=15years) and 543 MA (AGE=70; EDU=11); Project FRONTIER had 330 non-Hispanic white (AGE=65; EDU=13) and 233 MA (AGE=55; EDU=7years). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine comorbid diagnosis of depression and diabetes on Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis or a diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Covariates entered into the model were age, education, and gender. Results (c): Results: Comorbid diagnosis of diabetes and depression was significantly related to diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Mexican Americans across all three cohorts: TARCC (odds ratio [OR]= 8.6, 95% CI=1.5 to 2.7); HABLE (odds ratio [OR]= 2.4, 95% CI= 1.3-3.2), and FRONTIER (odds ratio [OR]= 2.6, 95% CI=1.2 to 6.4). TARCC was the only cohort with a large enough sample of AD patients to run the analyses split by ethnicity. In TARCC, comorbidity was related to AD diagnosis in MA (odds ratio [OR]= 10.4, 95%=1.2-2.7), and narrowly related in Non-Hispanic Whites (odds ratio [OR]= 8.3, 95%=.14 to 1.4). Conclusions (d): Discussion: Comorbid diagnosis of depression and diabetes increases risk for diagnosis of cognitive impairment, and Mexican Americans were found to be at greater risk than non- Hispanic whites for Mild Cognitive Impairment. These findings were validated across multiple cohorts, and could have significant clinical implications.Item Do Social Factors Influence the Severity of Diabetes among Hispanics in Fort Worth?: A Cross-Sectional Study(2004-05-01) Moayad, Neda Zandi; Hector Balcazar; Manuel Bayona; Sue LurieNeda Zandi Moayad, Do social factors influence the severity of Diabetes among Hispanics in Fort Worth? A cross-sectional study. Doctor of Public Health, May 2004, 91 pp., 5 tables, bibliography, 99 titles. The Latino population is the fastest growing ethnic group in Texas, representing more than 35% of the total population. There is evidence that diabetes among Latinos has increased considerably in recent years. The prevalence of type II diabetes in Latinos ages 45-74 is three times higher than in the non-Latino whites of the same age group. The goal of this research was to assess the importance of selected potential prognostic factors to severe type II diabetes in Latino patients. Among other findings, the results of this study show that family history of diabetes, place of birth and having spent childhood in Mexico, preferring Spanish as the spoken language, having been educated in Mexico, receiving food stamps, smoking, being overweight and obsess, acculturation and low family cohesiveness were associated with severe diabetes. These findings indicate that level of family cohesiveness and acculturation and other variables might be predictors of diabetes severity.Item Editorial: Diabetes and obesity effects on lung function, volume II(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-12-25) Zheng, Hong; Ma, Wei-Xing; Tang, Xiaoqiang; Lecube, Albert; Yan, Liang-JunItem EFFECTIVNESS OF BALANCE TRAINING WITH VIRTUAL REALITY AND VIBROTACTILE DEVICE IN DIABETIC PATIENTS(2014-03) Behan, Francis; Jafari, Roozbeh; Patterson, Rita M.; Bugnariu, NicoletaPurpose (a): Patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy experience different degrees of sensory loss in their feet and tend to rely heavily on visual inputs to maintain their balance. This is an efficient coping strategy for as long as they can attend to the placements of their feet, but becomes a high risk of falls when they have to visually attend to something else, like crossing a street or a conversation. The purpose of this research is to assess the effectiveness of a training program designed to improve balance through sensory reweighting based on the principles of stochastic resonance and using virtual reality (VR). Moreover, biomarkers for diabetic control and neuro-protection pre- and post- sensory retraining will be studied to identify possible correlations between balance control and specific lab values. In addition, membrane androgen receptor (mAR ) has been linked to poor cognitive performance in animal models and this link will be examined in terms of balance control in the human subjects. Methods (b): Subjects with peripheral neuropathy due to diabetes undergo 6 one hour long training sessions in which they practice increasingly more challenging task of balance and walking while their visual attention is engaged by the VR. During training subjects were fitted with vibratory devices placed above the level of sensory loss (around the ankles). The intended to enhance somatosensory perception in the feet vibration was constant and sub-threshold. At visit 1 and 8, Pre- and Post- training assessments of balance and gait function as well as blood values for mAR, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, estrogen, C reactive protein, glucose, and a lipid panel. Results (c): To date two subjects have been enrolled in the study and one diabetic subject has completed the entire 8 weeks training protocol. Comparison of pre- and post-training revealed an improved balance function expressed by increased anterior and lateral center of pressure movement (ability to reach forward and laterally without losing balance) and increased walking speed. At the end of the training subject was able to maintain a straight walking trajectory even in the presence of visual inputs entraining lateral movements. Conclusions (d): Preliminary results show that sensory retraining with VR and vibratory device is feasible in diabetic subjects and holds promise for improvement of balance due to an increased ability to integrate all sensory inputs available and a decreased reliance on visual inputs.Item Establishing the Effects of Exercise Schema and Self-Schema on Emotional Distress(2003-08-01) Rodriguez, Leslie R.; Claudia Coggin; Joseph Doster; Daisha CipherRodriguez, Leslie R., BSN, RN, Establishing the Effects of Exercise Schema and Self-Schema on Emotional Distress. Masters of Public Health (Health Behavior), August 2003, 78 pp., 4 tables, references, 81 titles. Chronic diseases’ resulting from anger and depression represents a significant problem. Vast amounts of resources and dollars are expended and utilized. Their link to the development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes is recognized. Physical activity produces improvements in self-esteem, increased alertness, and decreased anxiety. The purpose of this study was determining the effect exercise and exercise schema has on mood states. College age students (N=198) of a large North Texas University were recruited. Data collection included States of change, the Exerciser self-schema questionnaire, Clinical Analysis Questionnaire, and the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Significance in some mood states of those who were exercising and exercise schematic were found.Item FACTORS RELATED TO DIABETES AND DIABETIC CONTROL AMONG RURAL MEXICAN AMERICAN ADULTS AND ELDERS(2013-04-12) Ho, EricPurpose: Diabetes is a serious public health issue that affects nearly 26 million people in the United States, and Mexican Americans comprise approximately 13% of that pool. Mexican Americans exhibit higher rates of diabetes and are, more often, poorly controlled. The goal of this study is to explore factors influencing glycemic control among rural Mexican American adults and elders in the United States. Methods: Data is analyzed from 576 participants (341 non Hispanic and 235 Mexican American) of Project FRONTIER: an ongoing epidemiological study of factors impacting rural aging and health. Variables used in this study include: age, language of interview, reading and writing ability for primary language, a designated primary care physician, caregiver status, income, Geriatric Depression Scale assessment, Mini Mental State Examination, and duration of diabetes. Analyses of demographic characteristics between ethnic groups are conducted via t-tests or X2 analyses. The links between clinical findings, demographic data, and HbA1c levels are carried out via linear regression. Analyses are split by ethnicity and diabetes diagnosis. Results: Among non-Hispanic whites, annual household income (B=0.04, SE=0.007, t=4.97, p<0.001), GDS30 scores (B=0.03, SE=0.016, t=2.04, p=0.04) and MMSE scores (B=-0.076, SE=0.03, t=-2.52, p=0.012) are significantly related to HbAlc levels. None of the variables are significantly related to HbAlc levels among Mexican Americans. Among non-Hispanic whites with diabetes (n=43), age is the only variable significantly related to HbAlc levels (B=-0.08, SE=0.03, t=-2.59, p=0.01). For Mexican Americans with diabetes (n=60), duration of diabetes (B=0.13, SE=0.03, t=3.63, p=0.001) is the only variable significantly related to HbAlc levels accounting for 19% of the variance. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the factors related to HbA1c levels vary by ethnicity. Duration of diabetes is the only variable found to be significantly related to diabetic control in Mexican American adults and elders. The current findings suggest that adults, or elders, may need additional medical attention by physicians as they age.Item Hyperbolastic modeling of wound healing(Elsevier, 2011-03) Tabatabai, M.A.; Eby, W.M.; Singh, Karan P.A new mathematical model for wound healing is introduced and applied to three sets of experimental data. The model is easy to implement but can accommodate a wide range of factors affecting the wound healing process. The data sets represent the areas of trace elements, diabetic wounds, growth factors, and nutrition within the field of wound healing. The model produces an explicit function accurately representing the time course of healing wounds from a given data set. Such a function is used to study variations in the healing velocity among different types of wounds and at different stages in the healing process. A new multivariable model of wound healing capable of analyzing the effects of several variables on accelerating the wound healing process is also introduced. Such a model can help to formulate appropriate strategies to treat wounds. It also would enable us to evaluate the efficacy of different treatment modalities during the inflammatory, proliferative, and tissue remodelling phases.Item Hyperglycemia Alters Astrocyte Metabolism and Inhibits Astrocyte Proliferation(JKL International, 2018-08-01) Li, Wenjun; Roy Choudhury, Gourav; Winters, Ali; Prah, Jude; Lin, Wenping; Liu, Ran; Yang, ShaohuaDiabetes milieu is a complex metabolic disease that has been known to associate with high risk of various neurological disorders. Hyperglycemia in diabetes could dramatically increase neuronal glucose levels which leads to neuronal damage, a phenomenon referred to as glucose neurotoxicity. On the other hand, the impact of hyperglycemia on astrocytes has been less explored. Astrocytes play important roles in brain energy metabolism through neuron-astrocyte coupling. As the component of blood brain barrier, glucose might be primarily transported into astrocytes, hence, impose direct impact on astrocyte metabolism and function. In the present study, we determined the effect of high glucose on the energy metabolism and function of primary astrocytes. Hyperglycemia level glucose (25 mM) induced cell cycle arrest and inhibited proliferation and migration of primary astrocytes. Consistently, high glucose decreased cyclin D1 and D3 expression. High glucose enhanced glycolytic metabolism, increased ATP and glycogen content in primary astrocytes. In addition, high glucose activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in astrocytes. In summary, our in vitro study indicated that hyperglycemia might impact astrocyte energy metabolism and function phenotype. Our study provides a potential mechanism which may underlie the diabetic cerebral neuropathy and warrant further in vivo study to determine the effect of hyperglycemia on astrocyte metabolism and function.Item Interleukin-6 and its Relationship to Coronary Artery Calcium Burden-North Texas Healthy Heart Study(2008-05-01) AbdulRahim, Nashila; Roberto Cardarelli; Sejong Bae; Richard VirgilioAbdulRahim, Nashila, Interleukin-6 and its Relationship to Coronary Artery Calcium Burden- North Texas Healthy Heart Study. Master of Science (Primary Care Clinical Research), May, 2008, pp., 7 tables, 5 figures, bibliography, 73 titles. Atherosclerosis is highly associated with increased serum inflammatory markers. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) burden has allowed researchers to have a non-invasive proxy measure of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that interleukin-6 (IL-6), after controlling for CV risk factors, would be associated with CAC scores, and this association will be modified by race/ethnicity. 344 subjects were recruited. IL-6 concentrations were measured, and computed tomography was used to calculate CAC scores. After accounting for age, gender, race, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and cholesterol, a one-unit increase in IL-6 concentration is associated with 1.03 greater odds of an abnormal calcium score (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.07). Race/ethnicity did not modify this association. IL-6 did not prove to be a simple clinical marker of CAC.Item Obesity and Risk of Stroke in NHANES I Follow Up Study(2002-12-01) Soman, Ashwini; Umed Ajani; Antonio Rene; Karan SinghSoman, Ashwini, Obesity and risk of stroke in NHANES-I follow-up study, Masters of Public Health (Epidemiology), December 2002. 79pp., 20 tables, 3 illustrations, bibliography, 46 titles. Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the US. Role of obesity as an independent risk factor has been relatively well established for coronary heart diseases but not for stroke. Purpose of this study was to assess long-term risk of stroke due to obesity measured at baseline. The research was conducted using First National Nutritional Health and Examination Survey and its follow ups. Overall, increased risk of stroke was observed in obese individuals (BMI [greater than] 30 kg/m2). Similar association was observed in different subgroups of race, gender, those with or without diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Item Pancreatic mitochondrial complex I exhibits aberrant hyperactivity in diabetes(Elsevier Inc., 2017-07-19) Wu, Jinzi; Luo, Xiaoting; Thangthaeng, Nopporn; Sumien, Nathalie; Chen, Zhenglan; Rutledge, Margaret A.; Jing, Siqun; Forster, Michael J.; Yan, Liang-JunIt is well established that NADH/NAD(+) redox balance is heavily perturbed in diabetes, and the NADH/NAD(+) redox imbalance is a major source of oxidative stress in diabetic tissues. In mitochondria, complex I is the only site for NADH oxidation and NAD(+) regeneration and is also a major site for production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Yet how complex I responds to the NADH/NAD(+) redox imbalance and any potential consequences of such response in diabetic pancreas have not been investigated. We report here that pancreatic mitochondrial complex I showed aberrant hyperactivity in either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Further studies focusing on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes indicate that complex I hyperactivity could be attenuated by metformin. Moreover, complex I hyperactivity was accompanied by increased activities of complexes II to IV, but not complex V, suggesting that overflow of NADH via complex I in diabetes could be diverted to ROS production. Indeed in diabetic pancreas, ROS production and oxidative stress increased and mitochondrial ATP production decreased, which can be attributed to impaired pancreatic mitochondrial membrane potential that is responsible for increased cell death. Additionally, cellular defense systems such as glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, sirtuin 3, and NQO1 were found to be compromised in diabetic pancreas. Our findings point to the direction that complex I aberrant hyperactivity in pancreas could be a major source of oxidative stress and beta cell failure in diabetes. Therefore, inhibiting pancreatic complex I hyperactivity and attenuating its ROS production by various means in diabetes might serve as a promising approach for anti-diabetic therapies.Item Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Factors for Diabetes in United States - 2005(2007-04-01) Tomer, Vikas; Sejong Bae; Karan Singh; Raghbir SandhuTomer, Vikas, Prevalence of obesity and associated factors for diabetes in United States –2005, Master of Public Health (Biostatistics), May 2007, 27 pp, 9 tables. Diabetes is one of the major public health problems in the United States. The purpose of this research is to explore whether there is a relationship between obesity and diabetes and to understand the effects of some other associated factors on diabetes in the United States in the year 2005. The data studied is from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2005. A univariate analysis for frequency distribution was used to evaluate and edit the data. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association of diabetes and the variables through crude and adjusted odd ratio. The result of the study showed significant association between diabetes and obesity and the associated factors among US adults. The prevalence of diabetes has been found to be highest among African Americans followed by Hispanics and Others. Our results indicate that being an obese non-Hispanic black with low income level over the age of 65 years is indicative of being at the highest risk for diabetes. Therefore, for preventive measures to decrease the risk of being overweight and obesity healthy eating habits and regular exercise are recommended. As, income level increases, there is a significant decrease in the diabetes population. The strongest predictor of all appears to be obesity followed by age. Age, gender, income level, race and BMI all had significant effect on diabetes.Item Promotores de Salud of North Texas: Impact of Health Education Intervention on the Change of Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index in Adult Participants in Dreams Project 1.(2008-05-01) Arslanagic, Enisa; Robert GracyArslanagic,Enisa, MD,CCRC., Promotores de Salud of North Texas: Impact of Health Education Intervention on the Change of Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index in Adult Participants in Dreams Project 1. Master of Public Health (Community Health), May 2008, 46 pp., 3 tables, references, 51 titles. The prevalence of obesity among Mexican Americans has been increasing over the past decade, and is associated with hypertension and diabetes. Secondary data from DREAMS study were used to evaluate whether behavioral intervention on diet and physical activity using promotores de salud model significantly reduced blood pressure and body mass index among adult participants. Results showed significant changes in systolic blood pressure after the trial within intervention and control group, without significant difference in changes of blood pressure and body mass index after the trial between groups. These findings suggest that more comprehensive programs are needed to better understand Hispanic population's health behavior.Item THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ACCULTURATION AND RISK FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES IN MEXICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS(2014-03) Retana, Jos� D.; Proffitt Leyva, Randi; Fulda, Kimberly; Franks, SusanThe Association between Acculturation and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican-American Children and Adolescents Purpose/Intro: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is increasing in children and adolescents of all races/ethnicities in the United States, but especially in minorities such as Hispanics. In particular, Mexican-American children and adolescents are experiencing onset of DM2 at alarming rates. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between acculturation to a Mexican or Anglo orientation and risk for DM2. Methods: Participants completed demographic questions and the brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans II (Brief ARSMA-II). A linear acculturation score was derived from the Mexican Oriented Scale (MOS) and the Anglo Oriented Scale (AOS). Adolescents 10-14 years and a parent/legal guardian were included. At risk for DM2 was determined by having ≥3 of the following: relative with diabetes, BMI 95th percentile, blood pressure 95th percentile, elevated glucose, or positive for Acanthosis Nigricans. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were performed with risk of DM2 (high/low) as the outcome and acculturation score as the primary predictor. The adjusted model controlled for child’s age, gender, highest household education, child and maternal birth country (US/not US). Results: Participants (N=144) were 49% female and 51% male. The mean age was 11.96 years (SD=1.45). Forty-five children/adolescents (31.3%) had 3 of 5 risk factors for DM2. Approximately half (53.3%) of high risk children/adolescents were “strongly Anglo-oriented” and “Assimilated”. Higher acculturation was associated with an increased odds of being high risk for DM2 [OR=1.50; 95% CI (1.00-2.25)] Conclusions: For each degree of increased Anglo acculturation, risk for DM2 increased by 50%. Therefore, children of Mexican descent are more at risk for DM2 as they/their families become more acculturated to the Anglo cultural orientation. The degree of acculturation of a child/family should be taken into consideration when developing diabetes preventions and interventions.Item δ-2 Opioid receptor plasticity and GM-1(2005-05-01) Davis, Shavsa; Caffrey, James; Mallet, Robert T.; Singh, Meharvanδ-2 Opioid receptor plasticity and GM-1. Shavsha Davis, Masters of Science (Biomedical Sciences), May 2005, 56 pp, 3 tables, 10 figures. The native cardiac enkephalin, methionine-enkephalin-arginine-phenylalanine (MEAP) altered vagally induced bradycardia when introduced into the sinoatrial (SA) node by microdialysis. The responses to MEAP were bimodal in character with lower doses enhancing bradycardia while higher doses suppressed bradycardia. The opposing vagotonic and vagolytic effects were mediated respectively by δ-1 and δ-2-subtypes of the same δ-opioid receptor. The opposing responses were blocked by sub-type specific antagonists. When the mixed agonist, MEAP was evaluated after treatment with the monosialosyl ganglioside, GM-1, the δ-1-mediated vagotonic response was enhanced and the δ-2 mediated vagolytic response independent of a coincident increase in competing the δ-1-mediated vagotonic activity. The selective δ-2-agonist deltorphin was introduced into the SA node by microdialysis to evaluate initial δ-2-vagolytic responses. The right vagus nerve was stimulated and the expected decline in heart rate was significantly attenuated by deltorphin. GM-1 was then perfused into the nodal interstitium for one hour without a significant change in vagal transmission. Following GM-1, deltorphin was reintroduced and a clear attenuation of the deltorphin’s vagolytic response was observed. Similar results were obtained in time controls when GM-1 was omitted. In both cases the δ-1 selective antagonist 7-benzylidenaltrexone (BNTX) failed to restore the vagolytic response when added afterward. However when added to the time controls early in the protocol, BNTX completely prevented the loss in the vagolytic response. When both the intial deltorphin and GM-1 were omitted the vagolytic response was significantly improved. In summary, the initial study with the mixed agonist, MEAP suggested that GM-1 reduced the δ-2-vagolytic response. This was confirmed when the relatively selective δ-2-agonist, deltorphin, was substituted for MEAP. Subsequent protocols suggested that deltorphin and GM-1 produced qualitatively similar losses in the vagolytic response that were not restored by subsequent δ-1-receptor blockade. Thus, the attenuation of the δ-2 response was not due to the addition of completing δ-1-mediated vagotonic activity. The elimination of the deltorphin mediated attrition of the δ-2 response by the BNTX indicated that the declining response was mediated by δ-1-receptors. Thus GM-1, deltorphin, and time all interact to modify subsequent δ-2-mediated vagolytic responses. The specific contribution of deltorphin in this process was mediated by the activation of δ-1-receptors. Whether deltorphin has intrinsic δ-1 activity or causes the release of an endogenous δ-1 agonist is unclear. The specific mechanism by which the δ-1 and δ-2 opioid receptors interact likewise remains to be determined.