Browsing by Subject "disparity"
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Item EFFECT OF ETHNICITY ON THE OUTCOME OF TRAUMA PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES(2013-04-12) Parks, DiPurpose: There is a growing recognition of the existence of ethnic disparities in healthcare. We hypothesized that ethnic minorities would have a statistically significant increased rate of morbidity and mortality compared with non-minority groups. Our purpose is to determine if there is a relationship between the patient's ethnic background and the incidence of in-hospital complications, discharge outcomes, discharge disposition, and mortality. Methods: Utilizing our institution's trauma registry, all adult trauma activations, from January 1, 2008 through November 30, 2010, with an Injury Severity Score of 9 or greater, were identified. Our hospital categorizes ethnicity as: White, Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Other. Variables of interest included age, gender, ethnicity, injury mechanism, orthopaedic injuries, inpatient complications, Glasgow Outcome Scale, payer, discharge disposition, and mortality. Logistic regression was utilized for statistic analysis. Results: The study included 3,876 patients, average age 43 years, and average Injury Severity Scale of 17. The ethnic demographics of the study population are consistent with the current demographics of Tarrant County, Texas, where our Level I trauma center is located. 9.49% patients died and 56.20% of the patients had an identified orthopaedic injury. Logistic regression analysis did not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between ethnicity and the mortality rate, in-hospital complication rate, Glasgow Outcome Scale assessment and discharge disposition. Conclusions: Our data are contrary to previously published studies regarding differences in outcomes for trauma patients of various ethnicities. These results are perhaps reflective of a county Level I trauma center that services patients of all ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds.Item Measurement of Health Care Professional Concordance with the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Guidelines for the Management of Asthma(2007-05-01) Oshitoye, Jeannette AdetokunboAsthma is a widely prevalent chronic disease affecting children in the United States. Prior studies show that blacks are more likely to die from asthma than other racial groups. Despite this fact, blacks are less likely to receive the recommended medication to appropriately treat their asthma. Because of the disparity in treatment, this study was conducted to determine if minorities were receiving information recommended by the NAEPP Guidelines. Logistic regression was used to determine the receipt of instructional information. Results show that males are less likely; and those below the age of 17 are more likely to receive the information.Item Trends in Diet Quality by Race/Ethnicity among Adults in the United States for 2011-2018(MDPI, 2022-10-15) Tao, Meng-Hua; Liu, Jialiang; Nguyen, Uyen-Sa D. T.This study aimed to investigate time trends in diet quality and the consumption of major food groups and nutrients by race/ethnicity among adults in the United States. Dietary data from 19,192 adults aged >/= 20 years from four National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) cycles (2011-2018) were included. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 scores (range: 0-100; higher scores indicate better diet quality) and dietary consumption of food groups and nutrients were estimated for each cycle. Linear regression was used to test trends. For the overall population, the estimated overall HEI-2015 scores significantly decreased (p for trend = 0.011). However, decreases were observed in the estimated consumption of added sugars and total carbohydrates, while the estimated consumption of soy products and polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly increased. A significant decrease in overall HEI-2015 score was observed in the non-Hispanic white group, but not in other racial/ethnic groups. Decreases in added sugar intake were found in the non-Hispanic black and Hispanic groups; sodium intake significantly decreased in the non-Hispanic Asian group. From 2011 to 2018, there was a decrease in estimated overall diet quality in US adults; however, there were improvements in certain nutrients and dietary components. Nevertheless, disparities in diet quality exist among racial/ethnic groups.