Browsing by Subject "ethnicity"
Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
- Results Per Page
- Sort Options
Item A Descriptive Analysis of Adolescent Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Tarrant County, Texas(1999-08-01) Omoloh, Wilfred J.; Ramirez, Gilbert; Rene, AntonioOmoloh, Wilfred, J., A Descriptive Analysis of Adolescent Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Tarrant County, Texas. Master of Public Health, August 14, 1999, 110 pp, 19 tables, reference list, 68 titles. A descriptive study of adolescent pregnancy and birth outcomes in Tarrant county, Texas between 1991 and 1995 was conducted to evaluate the effect of maternal age on infant birthweight and mortality among White, African American, and Hispanic adolescent mothers nineteen years and older. The age of the mother was not a significant predictor of infant birthweight and mortality, but mother’s ethnicity, weight gain, and gestational age were found to be strong predictors of infant birthweight and mortality. The Hispanic ethnic group came out much better than White and Black mothers but no difference between White and Black mothers regarding birthweight was found. The results from the data analysis demonstrated that teenage pregnancy may not be a serious problem in Tarrant County, Texas as was previously though.Item Access to Care and Hospitalizations for Diabetes Complications Among Elderly Hispanics and African Americans in Texas(2005-08-01) Chaudhary, Prateek; Lykens, Kristine; Borejdo, Julian; Rene, Antonio A.Chaudhary, Prateek. Access to Care and Hospitalizations for Diabetes Complications Among Elderly Hispanics and African Americans in Texas. Master of Public Health, August 2005, 52 pp, 6 tables, bibliography. The mismanagement of diabetes care, due to disparities in access, deficiencies in health insurance, or poor quality of primary care, can lead to preventable microvascular complications which force diabetics to utilize hospital emergency departments (ED). This study uses 2002 hospital discharge data from the Texas Health Care Information Collection to determine whether diabetic and elderly (65+) African Americans and Hispanics from Texas counties with a low ratio of physicians per, 1,000 population (PPR) are more likely to be admitted through the ED with complications from diabetes. Findings indicate that while Hispanic ethnicity is significantly associated with ED use as a source of admission, diabetics from counties with higher PPR are more likely to be admitted through the ED for diabetes complications than diabetics from counties with a lower PPR.Item ASSESSING THE PREVALENCE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DISTRESS AMONG PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT PATIENTS WITH LEUKEMIA USING THE DISTRESS THERMOMETER TOOL, AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY(2023-05) Monteverde, Joaquin D.; Basha, Riyaz; Bailey, Laurie; Olivencia-Yurvati, Albert H.A leukemia diagnosis causes psychosocial distress in a significant number of patients. When this psychosocial need goes unattended, it can negatively affect their course of treatment. To prevent this issue, the Distress Thermometer (DT) allows a quick and valid way for patients/parents to self-report distress on a scale of 0-10, including identification of the distress source. This study descriptively evaluates the differences in distress prevalence from different demographic factors such as ethnicity, gender, leukemia type, and age.Item EFFECT OF ETHNICITY ON THE OUTCOME OF TRAUMA PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES(2013-04-12) Parks, DiPurpose: There is a growing recognition of the existence of ethnic disparities in healthcare. We hypothesized that ethnic minorities would have a statistically significant increased rate of morbidity and mortality compared with non-minority groups. Our purpose is to determine if there is a relationship between the patient's ethnic background and the incidence of in-hospital complications, discharge outcomes, discharge disposition, and mortality. Methods: Utilizing our institution's trauma registry, all adult trauma activations, from January 1, 2008 through November 30, 2010, with an Injury Severity Score of 9 or greater, were identified. Our hospital categorizes ethnicity as: White, Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Other. Variables of interest included age, gender, ethnicity, injury mechanism, orthopaedic injuries, inpatient complications, Glasgow Outcome Scale, payer, discharge disposition, and mortality. Logistic regression was utilized for statistic analysis. Results: The study included 3,876 patients, average age 43 years, and average Injury Severity Scale of 17. The ethnic demographics of the study population are consistent with the current demographics of Tarrant County, Texas, where our Level I trauma center is located. 9.49% patients died and 56.20% of the patients had an identified orthopaedic injury. Logistic regression analysis did not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between ethnicity and the mortality rate, in-hospital complication rate, Glasgow Outcome Scale assessment and discharge disposition. Conclusions: Our data are contrary to previously published studies regarding differences in outcomes for trauma patients of various ethnicities. These results are perhaps reflective of a county Level I trauma center that services patients of all ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds.Item Race/Hispanicity and Use of Alcohol and Illicit Drugs in the United States Construction Industry(2004-05-01) Rosario-Rosado, Rosa V.; Rene, Antonio A.; Clark, Sharon; Singh, KaranRosario-Rosado, Rosa V., M.S. Race/Hispanicity and Use of Alcohol and Illicit Drugs in the United States Construction Industry. Doctor of Public Health (Epidemiology), May 2004, 135 pp., 19 tables, bibliography, 49 Titles. This study explored the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse’s data in order to identify any difference in the patterns of substance use among different groups represented in the national construction industry. The study included male, 18 years and older, self-classified as U.S.-born non-Hispanic Whites, U.S.-born non-Hispanic African Americans, U.S.-born Hispanics or immigrant Hispanics with different lengths of stay in the U.S. (less than five years; five years to less than 10 years; and 10 or more years), that indicated working in the construction industry. Substances of interest were alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, crack, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, and psychotherapeutics. Differences by race/hispanicity in substance use were found. Immigrant Hispanics living in the U.S. for less than five years were significantly (p [less than] .0001) less likely to use substances as compared to other groups. Immigrant Hispanics with five to less than 10 years and those with 10 or more years living in the U.S. were 1.096 (95% CL = 1.079 to 1.112) and 1.160 (95% CL= 1.146 to 1.175) times more likely to use any illicit drug during past year, respectively, when compared with U.S.-born Hispanics. Characteristics associated with the past year and the past month use of substances were: working for a small company, missing two or more whole days of work due to sickness or injury, and skipping three or more days of work. Findings of this study suggest that, when designing substance use and abuse prevention programs, it is not only important to take into consideration differences by race/hispanicity, but that the length of stay in the U.S. also can affect the substance use behaviors of immigrant construction workers.Item The influence of race/ethnicity and social determinants of health and HPV vaccination in vaccine-eligible adults in the U.S.(2022-08) Garg, Ashvita; Thompson, Erika; Nguyen, Uyen-Sa D.T.; Luningham, Justin M.Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is an essential primary prevention measure against HPV-related cancers, currently approved for catch-up for inadequately vaccinated adults by age 26 and for mid-adults aged 27-45 with shared clinical decision-making. Although HPV vaccination rates have been gradually increasing, racial/ethnic disparities and low catch-up among adults persist. Examining the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) associated with HPV vaccination in different racial groups may help explain these disparities in lower vaccine uptake. Previous studies using national datasets have found differences in estimated prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake across datasets for racial/ethnic minorities, especially for Asian Americans, when compared to non-Hispanic White, with results varying from lower to higher uptakes. Despite Asian Americans being a very diverse racial group, most studies either combine them in one category or with other races, resulting in an incomplete picture of HPV vaccine uptake among different Asian American subgroups. Purpose: Using the SDOH framework, this study aimed to examine the racial/ethnic differences for HPV vaccination across three U.S. national databases among vaccine-eligible adults and examine the association between HPV vaccination and Asian racial subgroups. Methods: For the first aim, the study utilized 2017-2019 NHIS (n=30,788), 2017-2020 pre-pandemic NHANES (n=3,685), and 2017-2019 BRFSS (n=30,324) data, ages 18-45 years. Asian racial subgroup disparities for the second aim were assessed with 2014-2018 NHIS data (n=34,839, ages 18-38). Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models identified the association between HPV vaccination status (outcome) and explanatory variables: SDOH indicators, race/ethnicity, sex, nativity, and age. Results: The racial/ethnic differences in HPV vaccine uptake were not similar between the three datasets. In the NHIS dataset, compared to Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Asian and Non-Hispanic Asian males were more likely to be vaccinated. With NHANES data, Non-Hispanic Asian males were less likely to be vaccinated. While BRFSS data did not show statistically significant differences in HPV vaccination for difference races/ethnicity. However, inverse variance weighted averages indicated that compared to Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Asian individuals had higher odds of receiving HPV vaccination. Males compared to females and foreign-born compared to U.S.-born individuals were less likely to be vaccinated. Among SDOH factors, education level, time since last healthcare visit, health insurance status, and having a usual place of healthcare were significantly associated with HPV vaccination. Compared to White individuals, Asian Indian were less likely to be vaccinated while Filipino and individuals from other Asian subgroups were more likely to be vaccinated. Additionally, foreign-born Asian Indian compared to foreign-born White individuals and Asian Indian females compared to White females were less likely to be vaccinated. Regarding SDOH factors, education level, insurance status, and time since last healthcare were significantly associated with HPV vaccination. Conclusion: This study identified racial/ethnic differences in HPV vaccine uptake and SDOH indicators associated with HPV vaccination. Findings indicate that more studies are needed to assess the differences in these three surveillance systems that led to the conflicting findings and to explore the reasons for lower vaccination uptake among the Asian Indian population. Finally, tailoring HPV vaccine awareness campaigns and improving vaccination access for males, foreign-born, individuals lacking health insurance, or those failing to have regular healthcare visits could help promote HPV vaccination and reduce HPV-associated cancers.