Browsing by Subject "pharmacy"
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Item A Retrospective Analysis and Curricular Mapping Assessment of Student Engagement in Research Design in Classes Offered by the College of Pharmacy at University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth(2016-12-01) Baskaran, Karthikeyan; Jerry W. Simecka; Patrick Clay; Victor V. UteshevThe purpose of this study is to perform a retrospective analysis and curricular assessment to identify classes at the University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy (UNTSCP), which provided student engagement in research design. The first stage of this quality assurance project involved the use of content analysis to review class syllabi and materials for the potential opportunity for student engagement in research design at UNTSCP. The second stage of this quality assurance project will involve the administration of online questionnaires to students and faculty of UNTSCP. The final stage of this quality assurance project will involve conducting face-to-face interviews with the faculty of UNTSCP. Upon completion of the first stage, we gained new insight into the student learning experience and found the opportunity for student engagement in research design to have been dispersed in a variety of core and elective classes at UNTSCP.Item Does Team Based Learning (TBL) in the Pharmacy Classroom Foster Leadership Skills in the Workplace?(University of Minnesota Department of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems, 2023-01-12) Haight, Robert C.; Brooks, Marta J.Objective: A well-functioning healthcare team is important to optimizing the health outcomes of patients. As such, the use of Team Based Learning (TBL) in the education of health professionals has emerged as one of the more common active learning strategies. In various anecdotes with preceptors, it had been observed that student pharmacists educated in a TBL classroom exhibited increased skills in the affective domain. This qualitative pilot study begins to examine affective domain skills that are important to pharmacy practice and which of those skills may be developed uniquely through TBL. Methods: Random samples of preceptors and students (first through fourth-year cohorts), were engaged using a predesigned interview protocol to guide the discussion. Ad hoc questions resulting from the interview were also captured. A grounded theory approach was utilized to develop an a priori theme codebook that was utilized to analyze the interviews with preceptors and focus groups with students. Results: Nine preceptors were interviewed, and 23 student pharmacists participated in focus groups. Preceptors identified 1) communication, 2) emotional intelligence, 3) education, 4) time management, and 5) advocacy as the top themes important to being a leader. While students identified 1) communicate with or listen to others, 2) accountability/responsibility, 3) patience, 4) self-reflection / feedback as skills developed by TBL. Participants indicated that they believed that TBL was a contributor to the development of affective domain skills among student pharmacists. Conclusion: Among preceptors and student pharmacists, this initial study found both alignment and divergence with identified skills in the affective domain related to the development of leadership skills. Additional research is needed to further explore and develop an instrument to measure the role of TBL in affective skill development, in the context of being a leader in the pharmacy profession.Item OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAM (OSCE) RATER TRAINING(2014-03) Elrod, Shara; Bullock, KaturaPurpose Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are organized, multi-station activities designed to allow students to demonstrate their ability to perform specific clinical skills. OSCEs are increasingly being used in health professions education to objectively evaluate performance-based abilities. Observing and grading OSCEs is a key responsibility of persons who serve as raters. However, there is a surprising dearth of information on validated techniques of OSCE rater training. The objective of this project was to develop and validate a rater training process based on Kilpatrick’s 4 levels of evaluation and which maximizes inter-rater reliability of performance-based OSCE assessment across the University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy (UNT SCP) curriculum. Methods The UNT SCP curriculum includes a four-semester sequence of Pharmacy Practice Skills Labs. Each semester contains at least one OSCE to evaluate performance-based abilities. A training process for raters of interactive OSCE stations was developed. The OSCE rater training included both clinicians and standardized patients. The training was comprised of group discussion of the standards and their meaning, instruction on completing clinical checklists and global impression scales, common sources of systematic rater error, and practice scoring sample videos. Due to varying schedules and distance from campus, the training included both online and live segments. All raters were asked to view a sample recorded encounter of each interactive station. Standardized patients provided a global impression scale. Clinicians completed a binary checklist to provide a numerical grade and a pass/fail designation in addition to the global impression scale. Raters were asked to complete a pre- and post-training survey via Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 4 = strongly agree; 0 = not applicable) and training outcomes were assessed using Kirkpatrick’s 4 levels of evaluation. Results Of the 13 raters surveyed (10 clinicians; 3 standardized patients), four raters (31%) completed the pre-training survey and 6 raters (46%) completed the post-training survey. Raters were asked about their knowledge of OSCE philosophy and structure, common sources of rater error, their ability to use objective clinical skills-based checklists and global impression scales, and their confidence in developing consensus standards for grading. As expected, median likert-scale scores improved from the pre-training (1.0) to the post-training survey (4.0). Data detailing inter-rater reliability is forthcoming. Conclusions In this pilot training program, UNT SCP OSCE raters had overall increases in their knowledge and ability to objectively evaluate pharmacy students in this 1st year Pharmacy Practice Skills Lab. These results support the need for increased focus on OSCE rater training programs.Item Rheumatism: Its Nature; Its Pathology And Its Successful Treatment(William Wood & Company, 1886-01-01) Maclagan, T.J."A PERUSAL of the literature which bears on the question of the treatment of acute rheumatism (rheumatic fever) is a task from which few would rise with any definite idea as to how that disease is best treated. Purgatives, diaphoretics, sedatives, alkalies and alkaline salts, colchicum, aconite, quinine, guaiacum, lemon juice, sulphur, mercury, veratria, tincture of muriate of iron, etc., would each be found to have in turn attracted the favorable notice of one or more of those who have directed attention to the subject. Of all these different remedies not one stands out prominently, as that to which we can with confidence look for good results. We have, indeed, no remedy for acute rheumatism-a malady which not unfrequently proves fatal, which is always accompanied by great pain, and is a fruitful source of heart disease. “Under these circumstances I need make no apology for bringing under the notice of the profession a remedy which, so far as my observations have gone, has given better results than any which I have hitherto tried-and I have tried all the usual remedies over and over again. '' In the course of an investigation into the causation and pathology of acute febrile ailments, which has for some time engaged my attention, I was led to give some consideration to intermittent and to rheumatic fever. The more I studied these ailments, the more was I struck with the points of analogy which existed between them. On a detailed consideration of these I shall not now enter. Suffice it to say that they were sufficiently marked to lead me to regard rheumatic fever as being, in its pathology, more closely allied to intermittent fever than to any other disease, an opinion which further reflection and extended experience have served only to strengthen." Such are the opening sentences of the paper in which, in March, 1876, I introduced salicin to the notice of the profession, as a remedy in acute rheumatism. In this volume the miasmatic theory of rheumatism, there referred to, is expounded ; and an explanation offered of the manner in which the salicyl compounds produce the marked anti-rheumatic effects which they are now all but universally acknowledged to possess. The plates representing the early changes noted on the surface of the endocardium in cases of rheumatic endocarditis, are taken from Dr. Green's " Introduction to Pathology and Morbid Anatomy." For permission to use them I have to thank Dr. Green and his publisher.