Browsing by Subject "physical activity"

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Do physical activity levels differ by number of children at home in women aged 25-44 in the general population?
(Sage Publications, 2019-09-09) Abell, Laura P.; Tanase, Kelly A.; Gilmore, Madison L.; Winnicki, Anna E.; Holmes, Victor L.; Hartos, Jessica L.
OBJECTIVES: While physical activity is important for health, many women do not meet recommended levels, particularly mothers. The purpose of this study was to assess whether physical activity levels differ by number of children at home in women aged 25-44 in the general US population. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis used 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for females aged 25-44 (N = 6266) from California, Colorado, New York, Texas, and Utah. Ordered logistic regression analysis assessed the relationship between physical activity levels and number of children at home while controlling for state and demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors. RESULTS: About half of participants reported "inactive" or "insufficiently active" physical activity levels and about two-thirds reported having one or more children at home. The results of adjusted analysis indicated that physical activity level was significantly related to having one child (adjusted odds ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval = 0.63, 0.89), two children (adjusted odds ratio = 0.79; 95% confidence interval = 0.67, 0.93), and three or more children (adjusted odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval = 0.67, 0.94) at home. CONCLUSION: Overall, physical activity levels were significantly related to presence of children at home for women aged 25-44, but increasing number of children at home did not impact effect size. For women aged 25-44 in a primary care setting, a moderate prevalence of inactive or insufficiently active physical activity may be expected. Providers should address physical activity with all patients in this target population during well-visits, but particularly for women with children at home; educate patients about the health benefits of regular physical activity; and provide resources that will help them integrate physical activity into their daily lifestyles.
Effects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Serum Ferritin Concentration and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS)
(2008-05-01) Le, Tuan D.; Bae, Sejong; Singh, Karan; Blair, Steven
Le, Tuan D., Effects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Serum Ferritin Concentration and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Student (ACLS). Doctor of Public Health (Clinical Research). May 2008, 114 pp., 12 tables, 8 figures, bibliography, 68 titles. Recent studies suggest that an elevated serum ferritin concentration is considered an independent factor associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with diabetes. Using secondary data from Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study at the Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas, the author explored the association between serum ferritin levels and diabetes, CRF and diabetes, and the effect of CRF on the association between serum ferritin levels and diabetes. A cross-sectional study and a longitudinal cohort study were used. In the cross-sectional study, an increased CRF level found to be associated with a decreased serum ferritin concentration and a lowered prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Participants with high ferritin levels and high triglyceride levels were 1.89 and 1.57 times more likely to have diabetes respectively. Overweight or obese individuals were 1.35 to 1.40 times more likely to have diabetes. Participants with a family history of diabetes were 3.69 times more likely to have diabetes. Participants in the highest CRF quintile levels were 40% and 15% less likely to have type 2 diabetes among persons with normal and high blood glucose, respectively. In the prospective cohort study, it was found that serum ferritin might predict the development of type 2 diabetes in males and high serum ferritin concentration levels. The incidence rate among males increased with serum ferritin quartile (ptrend [less than] 0.05). A reduction of serum ferritin concentration was associated with a reduction of diabetes risk in those participating in physical activity. It suggests physicians might use patients' serum ferritin concentrations as a marker for predicting risk for new-onset diabetes and patients should be encouraged to participate in physical activities.
Establishing the Effects of Exercise Schema and Self-Schema on Emotional Distress
(2003-08-01) Rodriguez, Leslie R.; Coggin, Claudia; Doster, Joseph; Cipher, Daisha
Rodriguez, Leslie R., BSN, RN, Establishing the Effects of Exercise Schema and Self-Schema on Emotional Distress. Masters of Public Health (Health Behavior), August 2003, 78 pp., 4 tables, references, 81 titles. Chronic diseases’ resulting from anger and depression represents a significant problem. Vast amounts of resources and dollars are expended and utilized. Their link to the development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes is recognized. Physical activity produces improvements in self-esteem, increased alertness, and decreased anxiety. The purpose of this study was determining the effect exercise and exercise schema has on mood states. College age students (N=198) of a large North Texas University were recruited. Data collection included States of change, the Exerciser self-schema questionnaire, Clinical Analysis Questionnaire, and the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Significance in some mood states of those who were exercising and exercise schematic were found.
Evaluation of Spanish Cancer Prevention Education Materials: How Well is the Message Being Received
(2006-08-01) Rodriguez, Donna; Gonzalez, Adela; Lurie, Sue
Rodriguez, Donna. Evaluation of Spanish Cancer Prevention Education Materials: How Well is the Message Being Received. Master of Public Health (Community Health), August 2006, 161 pp., 5 tables, 4 charts, 2 titles. The study was conducted to evaluate existing cancer prevention education materials created by Parkland Health & Hospital System to determine the cultural appropriateness and readability for the growing Spanish-speaking Hispanic population in Dallas County. The evaluation focused exclusively on Spanish materials with cancer prevention messaging related to improved nutrition and increased physical activity. Data was collected through two separate series of focus groups with Hispanics and health professionals. The Fry Graph Method was applied to the materials as an additional readability measurement. Results of the evaluation demonstrated a need for Parkland to engage Hispanics in pre-testing and revision of existing Spanish materials; establish strategic partnerships to assist with understanding literacy needs; and implement educational programs that complement materials.
Examining Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors and Its Relationship with Physical Activity in a Self-Reported Survey
(2004-05-01) Fernandes, Alroy H.; Fridinger, Frederick; Cipher, Daisha; Coggin, Claudia
Fernandes, Alroy H., Examining Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors and its Relationship with Physical Activity in a Self-Reported Survey. Masters of Public Health (Community Health), May 2004, 49pp., 3 illustrations, references, 38 titles. This study uses ‘Healthstyles,’ a self reported survey of 3,719 respondents above the age of 18, to look at exercise behavior in people at risk for CHD. Married or higher earning individuals were more likely to show sufficient exercise levels. Individuals with high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, obesity or family history of heart disease reported lesser levels of sufficient exercise than those without these conditions. People with CHD risk factor reported lower scores on questions that dealt with attitude and opinions about exercise behavior, and this was significantly correlated with lower levels of sufficient exercise. This supports the ‘positive attributes of the behavior’ aspect of the social cognitive theory of exercise. The attitude questions used, although not specific, could be included in a self-reported survey for the purpose of qualitatively and quantitatively assessing exercise intervention; albeit more studies are required to validate this claim.
Examining the Theoretical Constructs of Motivational Interviewing: Applying Self-Determination Theory to Physical Activity Among Heart Failure Patients
(2008-05-01) Spranger, Catherine Borski; Jeffries, Shawn; Bae, Sejong; Coggin, Claudia
Spranger, Catherine Borski, Examining the Theoretical Constructs of Motivational Interviewing: Applying Self-Determination Theory to Physical Activity Among Heart Failure Patients. Doctor of Public Health (Social and Behavioral Sciences), May, 2008, 90 pp., 8 tables, reference list, 61 titles. Effective management of heart failure (HF) is one of the major challenges facing health care providers today due to the complexity of a number of inter-related health and self-care behaviors. One health behavior that is important in the management of HF is physical activity. Motivational Interviewing (MI) has been shown to be an effective counseling style engaging individuals to both adopt and maintain physical activity; however, the literature is lacking in this area among HF patients. One underlying theoretical basis of MI that has been proposed is Self-Determination Theory (SDT). The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the relationships between physical activity and the SDT constructs of autonomous motivation, perceived competence, and autonomy support. The sample consisted of 26 HF patients in a heart failure clinic in north central Texas. Participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire examining various psychological constructs, as well as, assessing their levels of physical activity during a typical week during the preceding month. The finding of this study lend some support to better understanding the relationships between specific SDT constructs and physical activity. Likewise the findings demonstrated the importance of motivation-related variables to understanding how to motivate HF patients to both initiate physical activity and maintain a regular physical activity regimen.
Regional Adipose Tissue Deposition, Its Rate of Lipolysis, and Subsequent Effect of Insulin Resistance-in Type II Diabetes Mellitus
(1999-06-01) Schalscha, Alan G.; Raven, Peter B.; Downey, H. Fred; Caffrey, James L.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease that plagues populations world wide. More than 5 percent of U.S. citizens are afflicted with one or another form of this disease (22). This paper begins by discussing the incidence of this illness as it affects Americans. An explanation of the four forms in which diabetes mellitus itself will be offered, and these will be classified according to etiology. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), also called type II diabetes mellitus, will be the last of these forms mentioned. Due to its prevalence, NIDDM will be the focus of this paper. The proposed pathophysiology of NIDDM will be discussed, though to researchers it still remains somewhat of a mystery. This paper will then briefly the genetic and environmental interaction responsible for the onset of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. A brief discussion of the interrelationship between decreasing physical activity and a subsequent increase in obesity will follow (38). The location of adipose tissue seems to have adverse effects on certain aspects of NIDDM, including its sensitivity to insulin. This paper proposes that either subcutaneous or visceral adipose deposits specifically reduce insulin sensitivity more than other fat stores. The connection between adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity appears to be mediated by fatty acids released from specific depots and their destination immediately following release.
The Association of Multimorbidity With Whole Health Activities Among Adults in the United States: Evidence From the NHIS and BRFSS
(Academic Consortium for Integrative Medicine & Health, 2023-05-08) Neba, Rolake A.; Warner, Mayela; Manning, Sydney E.; Wiener, R. Constance; Sambamoorthi, Usha
BACKGROUND: Whole health is a holistic approach encompassing integrative medicine, emotional, and spiritual health and is critical to improving health outcomes among individuals with multimorbidity. OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of Whole Health activities and the association of multimorbidity and Whole Health activities using nationally representative datasets. METHODS: As no single dataset has information on Whole Health self-care activities, data from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey (n = 25 134) was used to measure participants' mind-body therapy usage, sleep, mental health, and physical activity. We used the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 347 029) to assess regular vegetable and/or fruit consumption. RESULTS: A significantly lower percentage of adults with multimorbidity had adequate sleep (58.2%vs.67.1%), no psychological distress (71.8%vs.82.1%), adequate physical activity (48.2%vs.62.1%), and regular vegetable and/or fruit consumption (54.2%vs.56.6%) compared to those without multimorbidity. Although lower percentages of adults with multimorbidity utilized mind-body therapies (22.9%vs.25.2%), the association was reversed when adjusted for socioeconomic factors. In the fully adjusted models, adults with multimorbidity were more likely to use mind-body therapies (AOR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.09, 1.31). Furthermore, when adjusting for other independent variables, the associations of multimorbidity with sleep, psychological distress, and diet were exacerbated, and the association of multimorbidity with physical activity was attenuated. CONCLUSION: Adults with multimorbidity were less likely to engage in most of the Whole Health activities except mind-body therapies compared to the no multimorbidity group. Findings suggest that adjustment for other factors such as age and socioeconomic status changed the magnitude and direction of the association of multimorbidity with Whole Health activities.
The Effects of a School-Based Intervention on the Physical Activity Behaviors of Latino High School Students
(2004-05-01) Pena, Eva; Balcazar, Hector; Lurie, Sue; Morrow, James R.
Pena, Eva, The Effects of a School-Based Intervention on the Physical Activity Behaviors of Latino High School Students. Master of Public Health (Community Health), May 2004, 66 pp., 5 tables, 2 illustrations, 6 titles. The study was to determine if a culturally appropriate school-based intervention increases self-reported levels of physical activity (PA) in 9th grade Latinos. A culturally appropriate intervention could help Latino youth adopt and maintain PA. Students from two primarily Latino schools served as subjects. Experimental students received a modified form of Salud Para Su Corazon, a Latino community-based cardiovascular health initiative. Questions from CDC’s YRBSS were used to measure PA changes. A 3-way mixed model ANOVA was used investigate the effect of pre-post, treatment, and gender on self-reported days of participation in moderate (M) and vigorous (V) PA. Students reported increased M and V PA at the post-test compared to the pre-test. The experimental students tended to report greater increases in V PA following intervention compared to controls. Males reported higher levels of V PA than females. Results suggest some potential effect on student PA behaviors as a result of the intervention.