Browsing by Subject "probation"
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Item FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MOTIVATION FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT AMONG PROBATIONERS(2014-03) Rodriguez, Mayra; Lerch, Jennifer; Walters, Scott; Taxman, FayePurpose (a): Study examines the individual factors associated with motivation for substance abuse treatment among probationers. Methods (b): Preliminary data (N=103) was collected from MAPIT, a multi-site, randomized controlled trial to increase substance abuse treatment (SAT) compliance. Criminal history, HIV testing, and social support were assessed as potential predictors of motivation. The CJ CEST-Intake was used to measure motivation, desire for help (alpha=.73) and problem recognition (.88). Results (c): Nearly 40% had a court condition to attend substance abuse treatment, with 41% having attended SAT sometime prior in their lifetime. 24.3% tested positive for any illicit drug. 87% had ever been tested for HIV in their lifetime, 69% were tested in the past 12 months. 32% had ever tested positive for any STD. Desire for help was marginally associated with at least one night of homelessness in the last 90 days (F(1, 101)=3.3, p=.07), lifetime prior SAT (F(1, 101) = 43.43, p=.00), having ever tested positive for an STD (F(1, 100) = 5.30, p=.02), and testing positive for amphetamines at baseline (F(1, 91)= 4.39, p=.04). Increased problem recognition was associated with lifetime prior SAT (F(1, 100)=7.70, p=.01) and testing positive for opiates F(1, 89)= 5.28, p=.02). Having ever had a prior SAT improved both desire for help (B= .50) and problem recognition (B= .52). Conclusions (d): Information may be helpful in increasing treatment initiation and engagement. Prior SAT, positive for STDs, and drug use were associated with increased motivation. Prior treatment may be considered to assess treatment readiness.Item Mental Health Pathology, Sustance Use Disorders, and Criminality in the Tarrant County Treatment Alternatives to Incarceration Program Probationer Population: Implications Regarding Mental Health Screening, Assessment, and Treatment Referral Practices(2009-05-01) Effinger, William L.; Cardarelli, RobertoThe purpose of this study was to highlight the magnitude and severity of mental health pathology in the Tarrant County Treatment Alternatives to Incarceration Program (TC-TAIP) probationer population and its significant associations with substance use and criminality. The results of this study report a heavy presence of current, symptomatic mental health pathology that is associated with increased criminality. The relationship between mental health pathology and probationer criminality was mediated by substance use. This study concludes that TC-TAIP screening and referral practices must include comprehensive mental health screenings to make appropriate, individualized assessment/treatment referrals for probationers.Item MULTIPLE FRUIT-FLAVORED ALCOHOLIC DRINK IN A CAN (MFAC) USE AMONG SUBSTANCE USING ADULTS ON PROBATION(2014-03) Rossheim, Matthew E.; Rodgriguez, Mayra; Walters, Scott T.; Lerch, Jennifer; Taxman, Faye S.Purpose (a): Over the last decade, an emerging class of large, canned alcohol products (e.g. Four Loko, Joose, Blast) have been marketed in the U.S. Research suggests that consumption of these MFAC products could contribute to hazardous alcohol consumption. However, little is known about their consumption and related harm. Methods (b): In Dallas, TX and Baltimore, MD, 211 interviews were conducted with adults on probation who were participating in a larger clinical trial. Inclusion criteria included (1) being on probation, (2) being 18 years or older, (3) speaking English, and (4) either (a) using any illicit drug in the past 90 days or (b) consuming 5 alcoholic drinks (or 4 for women) on a single occasion in the past 90 days. Results (c): For our analyses, we sub-selected individuals with a recent history of alcohol consumption; 143 participants (68%) consumed alcohol in the past 30 days. This sample was mostly black (71%) males (64%). Among this sample, 22 (15.4%) had consumed an MFAC in the past 30 days. A nearly equal proportion of black and white, Hispanic and non-Hispanic, and male and female participants reported consuming these products in this time period. Interestingly, individuals who reported being homeless in the past 30 days were nearly twice as likely to consume an MFAC during this time period compared to those who were not homeless (32% vs. 12%). Conclusions (d): Because of their marketing, these products were thought to largely appeal to youth. Among a national sample of underage youth who consumed alcohol in the past 30 days, 8% (6-11%, 95% CI) reported consuming at least one MFAC in the past 30 days. Recent consumption of MFACs among our sample of high-risk substance using individuals on probation is even greater than these rates. Given the inexpensive cost of per unit of alcohol and large number of calories these products afford, it is possible that these products provide lower socio-economic individuals with added benefits. An examination of the types of users might add to a small literature on how such products are attractive to different groups. Further work might be needed to compare this to other groups or a nationally representative sample.