Browsing by Subject "race/ethnicity"
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
- Results Per Page
- Sort Options
Item Association between magnesium intake and cognition in US older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011 to 2014(Alzheimer's Association, 2022-02-01) Tao, Meng-Hua; Liu, Jialiang; Cervantes, DianaIntroduction: Identifying nutrition- and modifiable lifestyle-based risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia may contribute future primary prevention strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between magnesium intake and cognition in older adults in the United States. Methods: Based on the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2014, the study included 2508 participants aged 60 years and older. Linear regression models were used to examine the association of total magnesium intake with cognition. Results: After adjusted demographic and other confounding factors, intakes of energy and total calcium, and serum vitamin D level, higher intake of total magnesium was independently associated with 0.15 higher global cognitive z-score (95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 0.28 for highest vs. lowest quartile, P trend = .037). The positive association of total magnesium intake with global cognition was primarily presented among women, non-Hispanic Whites, and those with sufficient serum vitamin D levels (≥50 nmol/L), although interactions were not significant. There were no clear linear associations for global cognition with serum vitamin D level. Discussions: Our findings suggest that high magnesium intake alone may improve cognition in older adults, particularly among non-Hispanic Whites and subjects with sufficient levels of serum vitamin D. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings.Item Descriptive Study of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Tarrant County, Texas from 1998 to 2000(2001-12-01) McGrath, Christine J.; Rene, Antonio; Jones, Bobby; Sandhu, RaghbirMcGrath, Christine J., Descriptive Study of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Tarrant County, Texas from 1998 to 2000. Master of Public Health, Epidemiology track, December 2001, 21 p.p., 3 tables, 1 illustration, references, 14 titles. Incidence rates of STDs in Tarrant County, Texas from 1998 to 2000 were assessed and compared with the rates in Texas and the United States, focusing on similarities and differences in gender, age and race/ethnicity. Data were obtained from the Tarrant County Public Health Department, the Texas Department of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The rates for gonorrhea and syphilis in Tarrant County were significantly higher than rates in Texas and the United States. The largest disparity was found among Blacks, followed by Hispanics and then Whites, with those ages 15 to 24 years at the greatest risk. To increase awareness and reduce the burden of STDs, prevention programs need to be developed.Item Racial and Ethnic Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in U.S. Older Women: Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey(2006-08-01) Kurian, Anita K.; Sejong Bae; Karan Singh; Kristine LykensKurian, Anita K., Racial and Ethnic Differences in Cardiovasular Disease Risk Factors in U.S. Older Women: Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, 2003 & 2004. Doctor of Public Health (Clinical Research), August 2006, 118 pp., 55 tables, 14 illustrations, references, 69 titles. Objectives- The study sought to determine if there were any significant racial and ethnic differences in six modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors in women aged 65 years and older. It also examined the dynamic relationships of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods- Data were extracted from the merged 2003 & 2004 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Survey (BRFSS). Prevalence estimates and 95% of each of the six cardiovascular disease risk factors considered (Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesities, Hypercholesterolemia, Smoking, and No leisure-time physical activity) were calculated by race/ethnicity. Multinomial (for indicator outcomes) and multiple logistic regression analyses (for binary outcomes) were performed. Path analysis was performed to assess the complex pathways by which race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) were associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Results- Of the 77,492 survey respondents included in the sample, there were 68,251 whites, 4,912 blacks, 3,656 Hispanics and 673 AIANs. The odds of the cardiovascular risk factors were higher in race/ethnicity minority women (non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, American Indian Alaskan Native) compared to white women aged 65 years and older. Socioeconomic status was found to be a moderator rather than a mediator of the relationship between race/ethnicity and cardiovascular disease risk factors. The re-specified model with the behavioral risk factors (smoking and no leisure-time physical activity) as mediators was deemed a good fit to the data. Age, race/ethnicity, SES, smoking and leisure-time physical activity were found to have significant direct, indirect and total effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusions- There is a need to find better ways to measure race/ethnicity, and future research should consider the impact of more fundamental determinants of CVD risk factors. Area-based measures, such as neighborhood conditions, should also be given consideration for influencing these risk factors. Identification of potential mediating and moderating factors in these pathways (for example, sense of personal control or social support) will help clinicians and public health professionals to develop culturally sensitive intervention or prevention programs specifically targeted toward risk burdens in each of these populations.Item Trends in Diet Quality by Race/Ethnicity among Adults in the United States for 2011-2018(MDPI, 2022-10-15) Tao, Meng-Hua; Liu, Jialiang; Nguyen, Uyen-Sa D. T.This study aimed to investigate time trends in diet quality and the consumption of major food groups and nutrients by race/ethnicity among adults in the United States. Dietary data from 19,192 adults aged >/= 20 years from four National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) cycles (2011-2018) were included. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 scores (range: 0-100; higher scores indicate better diet quality) and dietary consumption of food groups and nutrients were estimated for each cycle. Linear regression was used to test trends. For the overall population, the estimated overall HEI-2015 scores significantly decreased (p for trend = 0.011). However, decreases were observed in the estimated consumption of added sugars and total carbohydrates, while the estimated consumption of soy products and polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly increased. A significant decrease in overall HEI-2015 score was observed in the non-Hispanic white group, but not in other racial/ethnic groups. Decreases in added sugar intake were found in the non-Hispanic black and Hispanic groups; sodium intake significantly decreased in the non-Hispanic Asian group. From 2011 to 2018, there was a decrease in estimated overall diet quality in US adults; however, there were improvements in certain nutrients and dietary components. Nevertheless, disparities in diet quality exist among racial/ethnic groups.