Browsing by Subject "risk perception"
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Item Is There a Relationship Between Impulsiveness, Risk Perception, Alcohol Problems, Race/Ethnicity, and Alcohol-Related Injury Type?(2006-05-01) Hamann, Cara; Cardarelli, Kathryn; Field, Craig; Fischbach, LoriThis cross-sectional study examined the associations between impulsiveness, risk perception, alcohol problems, race/ethnicity and alcohol-related intentional injury of 1504 White, Black, and Hispanic trauma patients from the emergency department at a Level 1 Trauma center in Dallas, Texas. After controlling for race/ethnicity, age, gender, education, marital status, drug use, and annual frequency of heavy drinking, injury-related alcohol problems within the past 12 months (OR= 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.18) had a moderate effect on intentional injury. Impulsiveness (total score, motor, and non-planning) and alcohol problems (total score, physical, interpersonal, social responsibility, and injury) had moderate effects on intentional injury in univariate analyses, but these effects became null in multivariate analyses. Race/ethnicity had a large effect on injury type in all models considered in the study, with Blacks (estimated ORs ranged from 3.06 to 3.54, 95% CIs ranged from 2.08 to 5.18) and Hispanics (estimated ORs ranged from 2.29 to 2.47, 95% CIs ranged from 1.61 to 3.52) having greater odds of intentional in jury in comparison to Whites in univariate and multivariate analyses. Overall, race/ethnicity and injury-related alcohol problems were the only variable of interest that showed effects on intentional injury. Lack of significant results may be partially explained the use of ICD-9 codes to categorize injury type. Future studies should address limitations and alternatives of using ICD-9 codes to evaluate psychological and behavioral factors.Item Vaping and COVID-19 Risk: Perceived link and its correlates among at-risk adolescents(Elsevier Inc., 2021-10-11) Cai, Xioamei; Zhao, Xiaquan; Rossheim, Matthew E.; Xue, HongResearch shows that a significant number of adolescents and young adults quit vaping or reduced the amount of nicotine consumed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of evidence on adolescent risk perceptions regarding the link between vaping and susceptibility to contracting COVID-19. This study examined the level of perceived COVID-19 risk due to vaping among at-risk adolescents. A sample (N = 1,251) of adolescents aged 13 to 17 and susceptible to future vaping were recruited through Qualtrics to participate in an online survey. More than two thirds of the sample (68.34%) reported that vaping would increase one's risk of contracting COVID-19. Ordinal logistic regression showed that this risk perception was positively associated with perceived prevalence of vaping among peers (AOR = 1.186, 95%CI = 1.019-1.382) and prior exposure to vaping product advertising (AOR = 1.371, 95%CI = 1.221-1.539), and negatively associated with past 30-day vaping (AOR = 0.579, 95%CI = 0.406-0.825) and number of closest friends who vaped (AOR = 0.873, 95%CI = 0.779-0.978). Further analysis stratified by past 30-day vaping showed that, among those who vaped in the past 30 days, vaping-related covid risk perception was positively associated with susceptibility to future vaping (AOR = 1.562, 95%CI = 1.161-2.101) and sensation-seeking (AOR = 1.212, 95%CI = 1.003-1.463). These results are open to different interpretations because of the cross-sectional nature of the data. Additional research is needed to better understand the observed relationships and their implications for vaping prevention during the pandemic.