Browsing by Subject "statin"
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Item Effect of 2018 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline Change on Statin Prescription for People Living with HIV(Elsevier B.V., 2023-03-28) Pan, Meng; Agovi, Afiba Manza-A.; Anikpo, Ifedioranma O.; Fasanmi, Esther O.; Thompson, Erika L.; Reeves, Jaquetta M.; Thompson, Caitlin T.; Johnson, Marc E.; Golub, Vitaly; Ojha, Rohit P.The American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines were updated in 2018 to explicitly recommend statin use for primary cardiovascular disease prevention among people living with HIV (PLWH), but little is known about the effect of this guideline change. We aimed to assess the effect of the 2018 ACC/AHA guideline change on statin prescription among PLWH. We used data from an institutional HIV registry to identify PLWH aged 40-75 years, engaged in HIV care between June 2016 and May 2021, had a LDL cholesterol between 70 and 189 mg/dl, 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score >/=7.5%, no prior statin prescription, and no history of diabetes or ASCVD. Our outcome of interest was a new statin prescription within 12 months of eligibility. We estimated standardized risk difference (RD) with 95% confidence limits (CL) by comparing prescription probabilities before and after guideline change. Our study population comprised 251 PLWH (171 before, 80 after the guideline change), of whom 57% were aged <55 years, 82% were male, and 45% were non-Hispanic black. The standardized 12-month statin prescription risk was 43% (95% CL: 31%, 60%) after the guideline change and 19% (95% CL: 13%, 26%) before the guideline change (RD = 25%, 95% CL: 9.1%, 40%). Our results suggest that the 2018 ACC/AHA guideline change increased statin prescription among PLWH, but a sizable proportion of eligible PLWH were not prescribed statin. Future studies are needed to identify strategies to enhance implementation of statin prescription guidelines among PLWH.Item The Role of Lipid Rafts and Membrane Androgen Receptors in Androgen's Neurotoxic Effects(Oxford University Press, 2022-02-21) Fadeyibi, Oluwadarasimi; Rybalchenko, Nataliya; Mabry, Steve; Nguyen, Dianna H.; Cunningham, Rebecca L.Sex differences have been observed in multiple oxidative stress-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Androgens, such as testosterone, can exacerbate oxidative stress through a membrane androgen receptor (mAR), AR45, localized to lipid rafts in the plasma membrane. The goal of this study is to determine if interfering with mAR localization to cholesterol-rich lipid rafts decreases androgen induced neurotoxicity under oxidative stress environments. We hypothesize that cholesterol-rich caveolar lipid rafts are necessary for androgens to induce oxidative stress generation in neurons via the mAR localized within the plasma membrane. Nystatin was used to sequester cholesterol and thus decrease cholesterol-rich caveolar lipid rafts in a neuronal cell line (N27 cells). Nystatin was applied prior to testosterone exposure in oxidatively stressed N27 cells. Cell viability, endocytosis, and protein analysis of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mAR localization were conducted. Our results show that the loss of lipid rafts via cholesterol sequestering blocked androgen-induced oxidative stress in cells by decreasing the localization of mAR to caveolar lipid rafts.