Browsing by Subject "traumatic brain injury"
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Item Assessment of Sex Differences Following Repeated Mild Head Injuries(2022-05) Duggal, Aakaash; Schreihofer, Derek A.; Sumien, Nathalie; Luedtke, Robert R.There is limited information about sex differences in mRHI, despite some studies suggesting females participating in contact sports experience more head injuries than males. This study will test the hypothesis that mRHI will lead to more severe neurological deficits in female mice than in male mice. C57BL/6 female mice were assigned to sham and mRHI groups (n=30/group). Lightly anesthetized mice received 25 mild head injuries, once a day (M-F) over 5 weeks using a weight drop model that included a free fall with rotational injury. Acutely, mRHI female mice performed worse than sham injured mice on the balance beam (F (1,28) =4.309, P=0.0472) whereas there was no difference in males. 5 weeks and 15 weeks after injury mice underwent a 3-week series of behavioral tests. Both male and female mice in the mRHI groups performed significantly (T-test P< 0.01) worse on the Rotarod than uninjured controls. Only males in MWM showed significant impairment on memory for 5-week and significant impairment on spatial learning and memory for 15-week (Probe T-test P< 0.05). Only 15-week male mice showed deficits in elevated plus maze (EPM) (T-test P< 0.05). Acutely, female mice showed balance deficits that were not apparent in males. Fifteen weeks after mRHI, males no longer displayed deficits in the rotarod, but female mice continued to have a decrease in performance compared to controls (T-test, P<0.05). Unlike the males, female mice did not display any significant deficits in the MWM and EPM.Item Exosomes Derived From Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Early Inflammatory Responses Following Traumatic Brain Injury(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019-01-24) Ni, Haoqi; Yang, Su; Siaw-Debrah, Felix; Hu, Jiangnan; Wu, Ke; He, Zibin; Yang, Jianjing; Pan, Sishi; Lin, Xiao; Ye, Haotuo; Xu, Zhu; Wang, Fan; Jin, Kunlin; Zhuge, Qichuan; Huang, LijieTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Although treatment guidelines have been developed, no best treatment option or medicine for this condition exists. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes have shown lots of promise for the treatment of brain disorders, with some results highlighting the neuroprotective effects through neurogenesis and angiogenesis after TBI. However, studies focusing on the role of exosomes in the early stages of neuroinflammation post-TBI are not sufficient. In this study, we investigated the role of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-exosomes in attenuating neuroinflammation at an early stage post-TBI and explored the potential regulatory neuroprotective mechanism. We administered 30 mug protein of BMSCs-exosomes or an equal volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via the retro-orbital route into C57BL/6 male mice 15 min after controlled cortical impact (CCI)-induced TBI. The results showed that the administration of BMSCs-exosomes reduced the lesion size and improved the neurobehavioral performance assessed by modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and rotarod test. In addition, BMSCs-exosomes inhibited the expression of proapoptosis protein Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and proinflammation cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-1beta, while enhancing the expression of the anti-apoptosis protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2). Furthermore, BMSCs-exosomes modulated microglia/macrophage polarization by downregulating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS) and upregulating the expression of clusters of differentiation 206 (CD206) and arginase-1 (Arg1). In summary, our result shows that BMSCs-exosomes serve a neuroprotective function by inhibiting early neuroinflammation in TBI mice through modulating the polarization of microglia/macrophages. Further research into this may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the future treatment of TBI.