Browsing by Subject "young adults"

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Acute Inflammatory Mediators in Young Adult Patients with COVID-19 in Mexico
(MDPI, 2021-08-20) Maldonado-Cabrera, Anahi; Angulo-Molina, Aracely; Haque, Ubydul; Velazquez, Carlos; Alvarez-Villasenor, Andrea S.; Santacruz-Gomez, Karla J.; Gallego-Hernandez, Ana L.
Young adults (18-40 years old) are an active population with high risk of infection and transmission of COVID-19. They are considered a low-risk population due to its low 1.0% case fatality rate (CFR). Despite their high clinical usefulness to prevent fatal cases, inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers studies are limited. For this reason, we performed a retrospective cohort study with COVID-19 patients in Hermosillo, Mexico, to assess inflammation, coagulopathy profile, and severity outcomes in young adults. We analyzed blood samples to determine the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil/monocyte ratio (NMR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (C-RP). We included epidemiological features and comorbidities, and compared them to the severity status. Only 359 COVID-19-confirmed young adults were included in the ambulatory (44.8%), hospitalized (42.9%), and death (12%) severity groups. Laboratory results showed an increase in NMR, LMR, and C-RP associated with the aggravated patients. Additionally, obesity, arterial hypertension, and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were associated with the COVID-19 severity outcome. We found that 9.1% and 30.3% of young adults presented the novel COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) and the risk of CAC, respectively. These parameters can be considered independent biomarkers reflecting an enhanced inflammatory process related to the COVID-19 prognosis.
Growing Up, Hooking Up, and Drinking: A Review of Uncommitted Sexual Behavior and Its Association With Alcohol Use and Related Consequences Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019-08-22) Garcia, Tracey A.; Litt, Dana M.; Davis, Kelly Cue; Norris, Jeanette; Kaysen, Debra; Lewis, Melissa A.
Hookups are uncommitted sexual encounters that range from kissing to intercourse and occur between individuals in whom there is no current dating relationship and no expressed or acknowledged expectations of a relationship following the hookup. Research over the last decade has begun to focus on hooking up among adolescents and young adults with significant research demonstrating how alcohol is often involved in hooking up. Given alcohol's involvement with hooking up behavior, the array of health consequences associated with this relationship, as well as its increasing prevalence from adolescence to young adulthood, it is important to determine the predictors and consequences associated with alcohol-related hooking up. The current review extends prior reviews by adding more recent research, including both qualitative and experimental studies (i.e., expanding to review more diverse methods), research that focuses on the use of technology in alcohol-related hookups (i.e., emerging issues), further develops prevention and intervention potentials and directions, and also offers a broader discussion of hooking up outside of college student populations (i.e., expanding generalization). This article will review the operationalization and ambiguity of the phrase hooking up, the relationship between hooking up and alcohol use at both the global and event levels, predictors of alcohol-related hooking up, and both positive and negative consequences, including sexual victimization, associated with alcohol-related hookups. Throughout, commentary is provided on the methodological issues present in the field, as well as limitations of the existing research. Future directions for research that could significantly advance our understanding of hookups and alcohol use are provided.
Growing Up, Hooking Up, and Drinking: A Review of Uncommitted Sexual Behavior and Its Association With Alcohol Use and Related Consequences Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019-08-22) Garcia, Tracey A.; Litt, Dana M.; Davis, Kelly Cue; Norris, Jeanette; Kaysen, Debra; Lewis, Melissa A.
Hookups are uncommitted sexual encounters that range from kissing to intercourse and occur between individuals in whom there is no current dating relationship and no expressed or acknowledged expectations of a relationship following the hookup. Research over the last decade has begun to focus on hooking up among adolescents and young adults with significant research demonstrating how alcohol is often involved in hooking up. Given alcohol's involvement with hooking up behavior, the array of health consequences associated with this relationship, as well as its increasing prevalence from adolescence to young adulthood, it is important to determine the predictors and consequences associated with alcohol-related hooking up. The current review extends prior reviews by adding more recent research, including both qualitative and experimental studies (i.e., expanding to review more diverse methods), research that focuses on the use of technology in alcohol-related hookups (i.e., emerging issues), further develops prevention and intervention potentials and directions, and also offers a broader discussion of hooking up outside of college student populations (i.e., expanding generalization). This article will review the operationalization and ambiguity of the phrase hooking up, the relationship between hooking up and alcohol use at both the global and event levels, predictors of alcohol-related hooking up, and both positive and negative consequences, including sexual victimization, associated with alcohol-related hookups. Throughout, commentary is provided on the methodological issues present in the field, as well as limitations of the existing research. Future directions for research that could significantly advance our understanding of hookups and alcohol use are provided.
Hispanic Representation in the Health Care Professions: A Study of Ninth Grade Interest
(2004-12-01) Seng, Suzette; Urrutia-Rojas, Ximena
Seng, Suzette, Hispanic Representation in the Health Professions: A Study of Ninth Grade Interest. Masters of Public Health (Community Health), December 2004, 47 pp., 4 tables, references, 24 titles. Across the nation there remains a disparity in the number of Hispanics entering the health care professions. Project Participation and Training in Health was a school-based intervention that used the Salud para su Corazon heart health initiative to deliver a culturally competent health promotion program. This study examines the program’s goal to motivate Hispanic students to be interested in entering the health professions. The sample included 488 Hispanic ninth graders from two inner-city Dallas high schools. Specific health professions studied were dentist, nurse, optometrist, pharmacist, physician, and podiatrist. Statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA, chi square, and logistic regression. Results show a significant difference health profession interest between the intervention and control participants. Students in the intervention school expressed interest in a greater number of the health professions and interest for each individual profession was higher among the intervention participants for all 6 professions studied.
Multiple primary cancers in survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers in the United States, SEER 1973-2012
(2016-05-01) Hall, Lauren R.; Felini, Martha J.; Suzuki, Sumihiro
Despite improvements in cancer survival rates, cancer survivors have an increased risk for a number of health issues including the development of multiple primary cancers (MPCs). MPCs have been well-studied in childhood and adult cancer survivors, but the risk of developing MPCs is not well-characterized in survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers. Additionally, the role of survival from MPCs in AYA cancers has not yet been examined. The present study utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries (1973-2012) to assess the risk for MPCs and survival after a second primary cancer (SPC) in survivors of AYA cancers. Individuals diagnosed with a first primary cancer between the ages of 15 and 39 were included in this study. Overall and site-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and excess absolute risks (EAR) were assessed, and multivariable Poisson regression models were used to assess the risk for MPCs over time. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards modeling were utilized to assess survival after a SPC. Out of 227,569 AYA survivors, 15,069 (6.6%) developed a MPC two or more months after the first primary cancer. Survivors of AYA cancers had a nearly 2-fold increased risk of developing an MPC (SIR=1.86, 95% CI 1.84-1.89). The most common MPCs in AYAs were breast cancer, digestive system cancers, and skin cancers. Age at first cancer diagnosis, gender, race, radiation treatment, type of first primary cancer, and latency were significantly associated with the development of a MPC. We observed females had a reduced risk for death compared to males (HR=0.73, 95% CI 0.68-0.78) after a SPC, and Blacks had an increased risk for death after a SPC compared to Whites (HR=1.23, 95% CI 1.18-1.38). Our findings indicate that AYA cancer survivors are at higher risk for multiple primary cancers and provide new knowledge of the survival from second primary cancers in the AYA population. We observed that males and Blacks have a worse prognosis after the development of a subsequent cancer. This may have direct implications on the clinical management and prevention strategies for AYA cancer survivors.
The Impact of Graduation and Work on Health and Behavior
(2006-08-01) Minzenmayer, Tracey; Watson, Warren; Townsend, Alicia; Franks, Susan
Minzenmayer, Tracey. The Impact of Graduation and Work on Health and Behavior. Doctor of Philosophy (Biomedical Sciences), August, 2006, 131 pp., 1 table, references, 125 titles. The transition of young adults from the educational system to the workplace is affected by individual, cultural, economic, and institutional factors within the specific context of the time of transition. Since World War II, there have been a number of changes in both the order and timing of reaching the traditional markers of adulthood such as financial independence, work, marriage, and children. The lack of guidance in navigating the new path to adulthood has resulted in anecdotal evidence of increased stress in young adults. Little health research has been conducted on new graduates to evaluate the sources and effects of this stress. The current study surveyed psychological distress, health behaviors, and occupational variables in young adults between one and four years after they had received their undergraduate degrees. The majority of the sample believed they could potentially perform their job duties without the benefit of their degree, and over a third regretted their choice of major. A fourth of the sample had jobs that were unrelated to their undergraduate degrees. Underemployment, or not making use of their college education, was strongly associated with depression and worry in the respondents. Having adequate social support had positive relationships with job satisfaction and organizational commitment and was associated with low levels of stress, depression, anxiety, sleep difficulties, and worry. High levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were associated with less sleep. Unfortunately, this study was limited by a small number of respondents, but it is still clear that many graduates are not experiencing all of the benefits of having a college degree. There appears to be a discrepancy between their education and the demands of the workplace. It is recommended that institutions of higher education and employers find ways to address this discrepancy and to better guide graduates through the transition.