Molecular Mechanisms of High-Altitude Acclimatization

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dc.creatorMallet, Robert T.
dc.creatorBurtscher, Johannes
dc.creatorPialoux, Vincent
dc.creatorPasha, Qadar
dc.creatorAhmad, Yasmin
dc.creatorMillet, Gregoire P.
dc.creatorBurtscher, Martin
dc.creator.orcid0000-0001-7388-9419 (Mallet, Robert T.)
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-23T16:06:52Z
dc.date.available2023-02-23T16:06:52Z
dc.date.issued2023-01-22
dc.description.abstractHigh-altitude illnesses (HAIs) result from acute exposure to high altitude/hypoxia. Numerous molecular mechanisms affect appropriate acclimatization to hypobaric and/or normobaric hypoxia and curtail the development of HAIs. The understanding of these mechanisms is essential to optimize hypoxic acclimatization for efficient prophylaxis and treatment of HAIs. This review aims to link outcomes of molecular mechanisms to either adverse effects of acute high-altitude/hypoxia exposure or the developing tolerance with acclimatization. After summarizing systemic physiological responses to acute high-altitude exposure, the associated acclimatization, and the epidemiology and pathophysiology of various HAIs, the article focuses on molecular adjustments and maladjustments during acute exposure and acclimatization to high altitude/hypoxia. Pivotal modifying mechanisms include molecular responses orchestrated by transcription factors, most notably hypoxia inducible factors, and reciprocal effects on mitochondrial functions and REDOX homeostasis. In addition, discussed are genetic factors and the resultant proteomic profiles determining these hypoxia-modifying mechanisms culminating in successful high-altitude acclimatization. Lastly, the article discusses practical considerations related to the molecular aspects of acclimatization and altitude training strategies.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research received no external funding.
dc.identifier.citationMallet, R. T., Burtscher, J., Pialoux, V., Pasha, Q., Ahmad, Y., Millet, G. P., & Burtscher, M. (2023). Molecular Mechanisms of High-Altitude Acclimatization. International journal of molecular sciences, 24(2), 1698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021698
dc.identifier.issn1422-0067
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12503/32044
dc.identifier.volume24
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021698
dc.rights.holder© 2023 by the authors.
dc.rights.licenseAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
dc.subjectacclimatization
dc.subjectaltitude
dc.subjectgenes
dc.subjecthypoxia
dc.subjectmitochondria
dc.subjectoxidative stress
dc.subjectredox homeostasis
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshAltitude
dc.subject.meshProteomics
dc.subject.meshAltitude Sickness / genetics
dc.subject.meshHypoxia / genetics
dc.subject.meshAcclimatization / physiology
dc.titleMolecular Mechanisms of High-Altitude Acclimatization
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.materialtext

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