Local Enkephalins Modulate Vagal Control of Heart Rate

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dc.contributor.advisorJames L. Caffrey
dc.contributor.committeeMemberH. Fred Downey
dc.contributor.committeeMemberMichael W. Martin
dc.creatorJackson, Keith E.
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-22T21:39:44Z
dc.date.available2019-08-22T21:39:44Z
dc.date.issued2001-05-01
dc.date.submitted2013-08-27T13:28:54-07:00
dc.description.abstractJackson, Keith E., Local Enkephalins Modulate Vagal Control of Heart Rate. Doctor of Philosophy (Biomedical Sciences), May 2001; 112pp; 7 tables; 22 figures; bibliography, 99 titles. Endogenous opioids, such as enkephalins, were first investigated for their ability to modulate pain. A body of evidence now supports opioid actions in many facets of regulation, including the cardiovascular system. Our laboratory is particularly interested in the ability of opioids to modulate autonomic function. Specifically, the role of the endogenous encephalin, methionine-enkephalin-arginine-phenylalanine (MEAP) was investigated to determine its ability to modulate parasympathetic function in the canine. To investigate MEAP’s response in the sinoatrial (SA) node a novel application of microdialysis was employed, whereby microdialysis was employed, whereby microdialysis probes were fabricated as described by Dr. David Van Wylen (38), and implanted in the SA node. After implantation of the probe, there was a significant attenuation of vagal function during the nodal application of MEAP. Specifically, vagally mediated bradcardia was reduced as compared to control, during the nodal application of MEAP. This inhibition of the vagus by MEAP was blocked by naltrindole, a selective delta antagonist. These data suggested that the vagolytic effects of MEAP were elicited via a delta opioid receptor. To test the hypothesis that MEAP’s effects were elicited through a delta opioid receptor mechanism, selective agonists and antagonists for the opioid receptors were utilized. An attenuation of vagal bradycardia was only observed during the infusion of a very selective delta opioid receptor agonist, deltorphin. A mu and kappa agonist showed no significant differences from control. Deltorphin was observed to elicit vagolytic effects in a similar concentration range as MEAP. However, deltorphin was more efficacious that MEAP. There was a significant attenuation of the deltorphin and MEAP’s vagolytic effects, during the co-infusion of the selective delta antagonist, naltrindole. The mu and kappa antagonists were both ineffective. These data further demonstrate that the observed vagolytic effect is linked to a delta opioid receptor. Endogenous MEAP. A series of experiments were undertaken to determine if endogenous MEAP could be demonstrated in the SA node and is so, was it similarly vagolytic. A preconditioning-like protocol was performed to produce intermittent local nodal ischemia to increase the local concentration of endogenous MEAP. The resulting MEAP was measured and was observed to be elevated during the periods of local nodal ischemia and return to control during reperfusion. Contrary to expectations an augmentation of vagal function was observed, during vagal stimulation. The augmented vagal bradycardia was only observed during ischemia, when MEAP was elevated and returned to control during each subsequent reperfusion. Therefore, there was a correlation between elevated MEAP concentrations and augmented vagal bradycardia. The delta antagonist, naltrindole, prevented the augmented vagal response, during nodal ischemia Glibenclamide, a selective KATP channel blocker, partially reversed the augmented vagal response. These data confirm that delta opiate receptors are involved in the augmented vagal bradycardia and that the mechanism may involve the activation of a KATP channel.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12503/29494
dc.language.isoen
dc.provenance.legacyDownloads0
dc.subjectBehavior and Behavior Mechanisms
dc.subjectBiology
dc.subjectBiomechanics
dc.subjectCardiology
dc.subjectCardiovascular System
dc.subjectCellular and Molecular Physiology
dc.subjectChemicals and Drugs
dc.subjectCirculatory and Respiratory Physiology
dc.subjectEnzymes and Coenzymes
dc.subjectLife Sciences
dc.subjectMacromolecular Substances
dc.subjectMedical Cell Biology
dc.subjectMedical Molecular Biology
dc.subjectMedical Physiology
dc.subjectMedicine and Health Sciences
dc.subjectMotor Control
dc.subjectOrganic Chemicals
dc.subjectSystems and Integrative Physiology
dc.subjectLocal enkphalins
dc.subjectvagal control
dc.subjectheart rate
dc.subjectendogenous opioids
dc.subjectpain
dc.subjectcardiovascular system
dc.subjectautonomic function
dc.subjectmethionine-enkephalin-arginine-phenylalanine
dc.subjectsinoatrial node
dc.subjectmicrodialysis
dc.subjectvagus
dc.subjectvagal bradycardia
dc.subjectKATP channel blocker
dc.subjectglibenclamide
dc.subjectdelta opiate receptors
dc.titleLocal Enkephalins Modulate Vagal Control of Heart Rate
dc.typeDissertation
dc.type.materialtext
thesis.degree.departmentGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences
thesis.degree.disciplineBiomedical Sciences
thesis.degree.grantorUniversity of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth
thesis.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophy

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