The Many Faces of Innate Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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dc.creatorHanan, Nicholas
dc.creatorDoud, Ronnie L., Jr.
dc.creatorPark, In-Woo
dc.creatorJones, Harlan P.
dc.creatorMathew, Stephen O.
dc.creator.orcid0000-0001-5784-224X (Mathew, Stephen O.)
dc.creator.orcid0000-0003-3248-0355 (Jones, Harlan P.)
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-14T16:48:27Z
dc.date.available2022-10-14T16:48:27Z
dc.date.issued2021-06-04
dc.description.abstractThe innate immune system is important for initial antiviral response. SARS-CoV-2 can result in overactivity or suppression of the innate immune system. A dysregulated immune response is associated with poor outcomes; with patients having significant Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratios (NLR) due to neutrophilia alongside lymphopenia. Elevated interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 leads to overactivity and is a prominent feature of severe COVID-19 patients. IL-6 can result in lymphopenia; where COVID-19 patients typically have significantly altered lymphocyte subsets. IL-8 attracts neutrophils; which may play a significant role in lung tissue damage with the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps leading to cytokine storm or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Several factors like pre-existing co-morbidities, genetic risks, viral pathogenicity, and therapeutic efficacy act as important modifiers of SARS-CoV-2 risks for disease through an interplay with innate host inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss the role of the innate immune system at play with other important modifiers in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research received no external funding.
dc.identifier.citationHanan, N., Doud, R. L., Jr, Park, I. W., Jones, H. P., & Mathew, S. O. (2021). The Many Faces of Innate Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines, 9(6), 596. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060596
dc.identifier.issn2076-393X
dc.identifier.issue6
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12503/31867
dc.identifier.volume9
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060596
dc.rights.holder© 2021 by the authors.
dc.rights.licenseAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceVaccines
dc.subjectCovid-19
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2
dc.subjectcytokines
dc.subjectinnate immunity
dc.titleThe Many Faces of Innate Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.materialtext

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