The Role of Calcineurin and NFAT in the Regulation of Insulin Gene Transcription

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dc.contributor.advisorRichard Easom
dc.contributor.committeeMemberJulian Borejdo
dc.contributor.committeeMemberLadislav Dory
dc.creatorLawrence, Michael C.
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-22T21:02:21Z
dc.date.available2019-08-22T21:02:21Z
dc.date.issued2001-12-01
dc.date.submitted2013-10-10T06:30:13-07:00
dc.description.abstractLawrence, Michael C., The Role of Calcineurin and NFAT in the Regulation of Insulin Gene Transcription. Doctor of Philosophy (Biomedical Sciences), December 2001, 185 pp., 41 illustrators, references, 222 titles. In an effort to understand glucose and hormone regulated insulin gene transcription elicited by increased intracellular calcium, a novel pathway has been identified. This pathway involves the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase 2B (calcinuerin) and nuclear factor activated T-cells (NFAT), which in the studies herein, have been determined to up-regulate insulin gene transcription in response to glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in pancreatic β-cells. Three NFAT elements within the first 410 base pairs of the rat I insulin gene promoter were first identified, two of which are conserved (by presence and location) among mammals including dogs, mice, and humans. The presence of NFAT in rat insulinoma β-cells (INS-1) and rat pancreatic islets was detected by immumobotting, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays displayed NFAT-specific DNA-binding activity that could be competed with unlabeled NFAT probe when incubated with INS-1 cells or rat islet nuclear extracts and shifted with extracts pre-incubated in the presence of either anti-calcineurin or anti-NFAT antibodies. Transfection experiments with either the -410 rat I (rIsnI-Luc) or the NFAT-Luc promoter-reported showed increased promoter activity when stimulated by glucose or cell depolarization (increases intracellular calcium) and displayed a synergistically enhanced response when co-stimulated with glucose and GLP-1. The GLP-1 induced responses were mimicked by forskolin and concentration-dependently inhibited by each of two selective but distinct protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, H-89 and myristoylated PKI (14-22) amide. The selective calcineurin-inhibitor FK506, as well as the chelatin of intracellular Ca2+ by BAPTA, also abolished the effects of high glucose and GLP-1. Moreover, co-transfection experiments with a constitutively active form of calcineurin and the promoter-reporters (rISnI-Luc and NFAT-Luc) showed increased reporter activity over controls. Furthermore, two-point base pair mutations in any of the three identified NFAT sites within the rat insulin I promoter resulted in a significant (p [less than] 0.05) reduction in the combined effect of glucose and GLP-1. These studies establish the presence of NFAT in insulin-secreting cells, its ability to bind elements within the insulin gene promoter, and show that glucose and GLP-1 synergistically enhance NFAT-mediated insulin gene transcription by PKA- and calcineurin-dependent pathways in pancreatic β-cells.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12503/29019
dc.language.isoen
dc.provenance.legacyDownloads0
dc.subjectCell and Developmental Biology
dc.subjectCell Biology
dc.subjectCells
dc.subjectCellular and Molecular Physiology
dc.subjectDigestive System
dc.subjectEndocrine System
dc.subjectGenetics
dc.subjectGenetics and Genomics
dc.subjectGenomics
dc.subjectLife Sciences
dc.subjectMedical Cell Biology
dc.subjectMedical Genetics
dc.subjectMedicine and Health Sciences
dc.subjectOther Genetics and Genomics
dc.subjectCalcineurin
dc.subjectnuclear factor activated T-cells
dc.subjectNFAT
dc.subjectinsulin gene transcription
dc.subjectglucose
dc.subjecthormone regulated insulin gene transcription
dc.subjectintacellular calcium
dc.subjectcells
dc.subjectpancreatic β-cells
dc.titleThe Role of Calcineurin and NFAT in the Regulation of Insulin Gene Transcription
dc.typeDissertation
dc.type.materialtext
thesis.degree.departmentGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences
thesis.degree.disciplineBiomedical Sciences
thesis.degree.grantorUniversity of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth
thesis.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophy

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