Browsing by Author "Dudhia, Ashni"
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Item Impact of Sp3 and BIRC 5 Expression on the Survival of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Patients(2024-03-21) Rao, Marisa; Dhother, Bani; Dudhia, AshniSurvivin (also known as baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing 5 or BIRC5) is a member of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins family and linked to the poor prognosis of several cancers. The Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 are known to regulate BIRC5. Even though the role of Sp transcription factors in regulating BIRC5 is known, their correlation among cancer patients’ survival is not evaluated in detail. The purpose of this project was to study the correlation of Sp3 and Birc5 expression with prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma utilizing the data sets available in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive cancer originating in the adrenal cortex, the outer layer of the adrenal glands. ACC is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the adrenal cortex, leading to the formation of tumors. These tumors can produce excess hormones, causing various symptoms. ACC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and surgical resection is the primary treatment. Prognosis is generally poor, emphasizing the need for improved early detection methods and targeted therapies. Using the TCGA data set comprising 79 samples, the impact of the overexpression of Sp3 or BIRC5 on ACC patient survival was analyzed. Results indicated that survival of patients exhibiting elevated levels of Sp3 or BIRC5 was significantly low (Sp3: p=0.0041; BIRC5: p=0.0001) compared to those with lower expression of these markers. Furthermore, considering sex as a variable, we observed a significant difference in survival for the patients with differential expression of Sp3 and BIRC5 (Sp3: p=0.0015; BIRC5: p= 0.0001). Survival rates were notably low across both female and male patients. Consistent with published literature on other cancer types, our observations revealed a negative impact of BIRC5 and Sp3 overexpression on the survival of ACC patients. Emerging evidence suggests the involvement of genetic and biological factors that may contribute to variations in tumor behavior. This research offers valuable insights into the importance of BIRC5 and Sp proteins in cancer. This may shed light on the identification of high-risk populations based on the expression of these markers and encourage the development of targeted interventions. Effective interventions or targeted therapies can potentially enhance overall survival rates for individuals with cancer by improving management strategies.Item Specificity Protein 1 Expression and Cancer Patients Survival: Impact on Breast Cancer Patients Focusing on Race, Cancer Subclass, and Menopause(2024-03-21) Stock, Lauren; Dudhia, Ashni; Basha, RiyazPurpose: Transcription factors Specificity protein (Sp) 1 and 3 are known to regulate Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 5 (BIRC5), an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, which is involved with poor prognosis and drug resistance in cancer therapy. The objective of this study is to determine the association of Sp1 expression with the prognosis of breast cancer patients using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and determine the patient survival in relation to race, cancer subclass and menopause. Methods: Using TCGA data, Sp1 levels were monitored in tumor (n=1032) versus normal (non-tumor) breast tissue (n=114). Patient survival data was used to generate Kaplan Meier plots. Sp1 expression in non-tumor and tumor tissues and the association of Sp1 levels with the survival of patients with an emphasis on race, cancer subclass, menopause status and other factors were evaluated. Results: The analysis of TCGA data sets identified several cancers showing poor prognosis associated with higher expression of Sp transcription factors and BIRC5. The top cancers showing such association include adrenocortical carcinoma, brain lower grade glioma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, rectal adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Breast cancer data showed poor survival rates with high expression of Sp1 and HER 2+ cancer type (p=0.0034). The expression of Sp1 showed significant variability amongst the Caucasian population in BRCA patient survival (p=0.046). While Sp1 expression is associated with poor survival rates in pre-, peri- and postmenopausal patients (p=0.02), the outcomes are worst among postmenopausal patients. Conclusions: The analysis of TCGA data sets showed a poor prognosis of cancer patients with high levels of Sp1, Sp3 and BIRC5. Overall survival is decreased with higher expression of these markers in multiple cancers including breast cancer. Furthermore, our findings suggest potential variations in prognosis based on factors such as race, cancer subclass, and menopausal status amongst breast cancer patients. Further research is needed to confirm the specific role of Sp transcription factors and BIRC5 in cancer patients’ survival focusing on critical variables such as age, sex, race and tumor stage.