Browsing by Subject "AIDS"
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Item A Review of the Literature on Faith-Based Organization's HIV/AIDs Care and Prevention Efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa(2005-05-01) Rojas, Zeida G.; Lurie, Sue; Urrutia-Rojas, XimenaRojas, Zeida G., A Review of the Literature on Faith-Based Organization’s HIV/AIDS Care and Prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa. Master of Public Health (Community Health), May 2005, 83 pp., 20 diagrams, bibliography, 10 titles. The thesis assesses the role of faith-based organizations (FBOs) involved in HIV/AIDS related care and prevention activities in Sub-Saharan Africa. Do FBOs have the ability to address the multi-faceted syndrome that HIV/AIDS brings to an individual, their family and community? Can FBOs be effective partners to carry out prevention and care initiatives? Faith-based organizations are generally overlooked as potential partners and leaders in the fight against HIV/AIDS. FBOs are often the only genuine nongovernmental organizations in many rural parts of poor countries, or at a minimum, they are the strongest and most influential. Due to their organizational networks, FBOs are able to mobilize people and resources, and to reach rural or isolated areas. Evidence of current FBO efforts demonstrates that FBOs have the ability to address the multifaceted effects of HIV/AIDS and can become indispensable partners for government health agencies and NGOs.Item A Social Vaccine for HIV/AIDS: Investing in Our Future Through Curriculum-Based Education in Tanzania: A Conceptual Implementation Model(2009-05-01) Tenende, Tunu; Lykens, KristineAn estimated 10 million young people worldwide are living with HIV with a yearly incidence of 2 million in the 15-24 year old population. This is nearly half of all new cases that are being reported. Worldwide roughly 39.5 million people are dying of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or are infected with the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV). Of these 39.5 million people, 24.7 million live in Africa; a strong majority in resource scarce countries. In Tanzania alone there are 1.4 million people living with HIV making the percentage of people with HIV at 6.2%. With other prevention efforts that have been underway in the past few years, we have thus far been able to see a drop in people affected from 7.0% to what is now current at 6.2%. With an understanding that the country is capable of making stride in lowering incidence which will ultimately lower prevalence down the line, focus on the countries youth has been an avenue to explore. Though there are studies that have looked into prevention methods and even more specifically have looked into curriculum-based prevention programs, there have not been any that focus on a comprehensive approach that includes seeking governmental support and mandating a change in the curriculum to focus on HIV/AIDS education. Based on literature review of components that can influence the development, implementation and incorporation of an HIV/AIDS prevention program in Tanzania, this paper concludes that a curriculum-based HIV/AIDS prevention program is the most effective and efficient manner to reach the community and bring about the biggest change.Item Doctors, Patients, and Adherence to HIV Medication: Findings of the Communication, Communities, and Health Study(2008-05-01) Seater, Margaret; Kimberly Fulda; Kathryn CardarelliThis study is about whether doctors have the potential to influence adherence by forming a solid patient-doctor relationship. This study is also about health disparities; specifically, if racialized life experiences have any association with either adherence or the formation of a solid patient-doctor relationship. Self-reported racial discrimination was shown to be a risk factor for non-adherence (OR 4.725, p-value [less than] 0.05), while compassionate behavior on the part of the clinician predicted adherence (OR 0.062, p-value [less than] 0.1 trend). Future directions include applying for extramural funding to conduct a clinical trial emphasizing communication as a way to eliminate health disparities. In the long term, the goal of medical educators should be to recruit more non-white physicians in order to further eliminate health disparities.Item "Is it as Simple as ABC?" -- Applying Uganda's ABC Approach Amongst the Dinka Ethnic Group of Southern Sudan(2007-12-01) Madut, Nyebol B.; Peter Hilsenrath; Karan Singh; Jim StimpsonMadut, Nyebol B., “Is it as simple as ABC? – Applying Uganda’s ABC approach amongst the Dinka ethnic group of Southern Sudan. Master of Public Health (Health Management and Policy), December 2007, 127 pp, 23 figures, 23 tables, bibliography, 157 titles. The purpose of this thesis is to explore those activities than can potentially result in a constructive balance of A, B and C activities, which could translate into an effective HIV prevention strategy for Southern Sudan’s largest ethnic group, the Dinka. In other words, the objective of this paper is to examine the local cultural context of southern Sudan’s largest ethnic group, as well as the state of the AIDS epidemic in areas populated by the Dinka; and then determine which public health and/or health management and policy strategies will prove to be the most effective in tailoring an appropriate mix of ABC activities.Item The impact of medication therapy management on polypharmacy in people living with HIV/AIDS(2020-08) Orimoloye, Helen Tolulope; Suzuki, Sumihiro; Clay, Patrick G.; Rasu, Rafia S.Polypharmacy, defined as the concurrent use of multiple medications simultaneously, is increasingly common in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) due to the use of antiretroviral and non-antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of multiple chronic diseases. Polypharmacy is a growing concern among PLWHA because of their complex medication regimen, the risk of adverse drug events, drug-drug interactions, medication non-adherence, medication errors, and antiretroviral treatment failure. Medication therapy management (MTM), which are pharmacist-led interventions, have been useful in resolving medication-related problems and optimizing clinical outcomes. However, there are limited studies on the effectiveness of pharmacist-provided MTM services in reducing polypharmacy in HIV/AIDs patients. MTM services should enable the identification and reduction of polypharmacy. Hence, the central goal of this dissertation was to evaluate the impact of MTM services on polypharmacy in PLWHA. A secondary data analysis of a new MTM project by the CDC, UNTHSC, and Walgreens that involved the collaboration of pharmacists and clinicians to provide patient-centered care for HIV patients was done. The study involved 765 participants from 10 states in the United States. Polypharmacy was measured by the number of polyactive substances (pharmacologically active ingredients) in medications used. A paired T-test was used to find the difference between the pill count and the polyactive substances in medicines used by PLWHA. A longitudinal data analysis using a generalized estimating equation was used to assess the impact of MTM intervention on polypharmacy over time by determining the change in polyactive substances in medication pre-post MTM intervention. The relationship between the changes in HIV outcomes CD4 count and HIV RNA count and the change in polyactive substances pre-post MTM intervention was also determined. The results showed a significant average difference between the polyactive substance count and the pill count of about 2.15. Also, the number of polyactive substances in medications used by study participants reduced by an average of 3 from pre- to post- MTM intervention. There was a relationship between the change in HIV outcomes and the change in polyactive substance pre-post MTM intervention. As polyactive substances decrease over time in the study, there is a higher chance that there is viral suppression and improvement in CD4 count at the end of the study. Medication therapy management involving pharmacists and clinicians may be useful in addressing polypharmacy in PLWHA. The MTM program in this study was not designed to address polypharmacy. But the results indicated that the intervention had a positive impact on polypharmacy. Further studies, such as a case-control study or a randomized control trial, are required to assess the effect of MTM on polypharmacy better.