Browsing by Subject "Maternal and Child Health"
Now showing 1 - 20 of 24
- Results Per Page
- Sort Options
Item A Descriptive Analysis of Adolescent Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Tarrant County, Texas(1999-08-01) Omoloh, Wilfred J.; Ramirez, Gilbert; Rene, AntonioOmoloh, Wilfred, J., A Descriptive Analysis of Adolescent Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Tarrant County, Texas. Master of Public Health, August 14, 1999, 110 pp, 19 tables, reference list, 68 titles. A descriptive study of adolescent pregnancy and birth outcomes in Tarrant county, Texas between 1991 and 1995 was conducted to evaluate the effect of maternal age on infant birthweight and mortality among White, African American, and Hispanic adolescent mothers nineteen years and older. The age of the mother was not a significant predictor of infant birthweight and mortality, but mother’s ethnicity, weight gain, and gestational age were found to be strong predictors of infant birthweight and mortality. The Hispanic ethnic group came out much better than White and Black mothers but no difference between White and Black mothers regarding birthweight was found. The results from the data analysis demonstrated that teenage pregnancy may not be a serious problem in Tarrant County, Texas as was previously though.Item A Mixed Methods Approach to the Definition of Family Health Promotion Practices for Mexican Sonoran Mothers(2006-12-01) Montiel-Carbajal, Maria Martha; Lurie, SueMontiel-Carbajal, Maria M., A Mixed Methods Approach to the Definition of Family Health Promotion Practices for Mexican Sonoran Mothers. Doctor of Public Health (Social and Behavioral Sciences), December 2006, 143 pp., 14 tables, 1 illustration, bibliography, 55 titles. The purpose of this research was to study the family health promotion practices of a sample of Mexican mothers living in the state of Sonora Mexico through a concurrent mixed method approach that included (1) a qualitative component with face to face and in-depth interviews, investigator observations, and analysis of content; (2) a quantitative component consisting of statistical analysis of data from selected selections of the National Survey for the Evaluation of Health Services 2002-2003. For the qualitative component 15 mothers, with mean age of 40 years, mean years of education of 10 years, living with their families were selected to form a purposive sample, and assigned to one of three groups: married working mothers, non-married working mothers, or married non-working mothers. The qualitative component was naturalistic and descriptive using semi-structured interviews with the mothers, and individual questionnaires to collect demographic and housing information. The quantitative component used the survey responses provided by the database of the National Survey for the Evaluation of Health Services 2002-2003, from 404 female adults age 18 and older, living in the urban zone of Sonora. The qualitative component showed that mothers conceptualize the health status of the family as a priority. The specific practices they use depend on the set of external resources and internal strengths of the family in order to overcome the physical, environmental, relational, or economic barriers they found to the promotion of health practices. The participants also reported being unsatisfied with the access and quality of the social health care system. The data from the quantitative component showed that Mexican Sonoran women living in the urban area reported having good health and felt satisfied with their health status; their satisfaction with the social health care system was fair. The group of non-married working mothers was detected to be more at risk for cardiovascular diseases due to a greater proportion of smokers and drinking paired with low amount of exercise. The results provided valuable information to formulate health promotion programs and future policies to be implemented with the target population.Item A Sun Awareness Pilot Project(2002-05-01) Franklin, Gillian A.; Coggin, Claudia; Lykens, Kristine A.; Mains, Doug A.Franklin, Gillian A., A Sun Awareness Pilot Project. Masters of Public Health (Health Management and Policy), May 2002, 53 pp., 7 tables, bibliography, 48 titles. The most common cancer in the United States today is skin cancer; it is also the most preventable. At least 90% of all skin cancers is caused by sun exposure. Americans have a one in six lifetime risk of developing skin cancer and in Texas the rate is one in three. The purpose of this pilot project was to increase the level of sun protection knowledge and awareness in parents who brought their children in for a six-month immunization visit. The project was modeled after the Australian Cancer Council’s “Slip! Slop! Slap!” campaign. Data was collected from five pediatric clinics in this pretest/posttest design study. Multiple variables regarding demographics, skin type, knowledge, beliefs, sun-protective practices, and attitudes were included. Overall, parental sun protective knowledge and awareness increased. The information obtained from this pilot project may influence future public health decisions regarding education and prevention of skin cancers.Item An Assessment of Formal Education in Breast feeding or human lactation for Health Professionals In Texas(2009-12-01) Zasova, Olga L.; Coggin, ClaudiaObjectives: Determine if health professionals receive formal courses in human lactation or breastfeeding at institutions of higher education in Texas. Methods: A website search was conducted for courses and competencies in human lactation or breastfeeding at degree-granting medical, physician assistants, public health, and nursing schools in Texas. In addition were searched in and out of state certificate-granting schools of midwifery, doula, and lactation consultants. Results: Breastfeeding was not cited in any of the curricula of degree-granting institutions. Nursing schools did not list but imbedded breastfeeding in childbearing courses. All certificate-granting schools require it in their curricula. Conclusion: It is difficult to foresee achievement of the breastfeeding goals for Healthy People 2010 when health professionals are not trained in them.Item An Evaluation of Acanthosis Nigricans School Screening Results in Richardson Independent School District to Determine the Association of Acanthosis Nigricans and Other Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(2005-05-01) Gardner, Janet E.; Urrutia-Rojas, Ximena; McConathy, Walter J.; Cipher, Daisha J.Gardner, Janet E., An Evaluation of Acanthosis Nigricans School Screening Results in Richardson Independent School District to Determine the Association of Acanthosis Nigricans and Other Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Master of Public Health (Community Health), May 2005, 65 pp., 11 tables, reference list, 47 titles. Cases of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been increasing at alarming rates in Texas. Identifying underlying factors, such as acanthosis nigricans (AN), elevated body mass index and hypertension, which might contribute to the development for type 2 diabetes, is critical. This study analyzed the relationship of AN with these risk factors of T2DM. Richardson Independent School District screening results for 2003-2004 were analyzed. This study concluded that calculated BMI values yielded the highest association with grades of AN. BMI-for-age percentiles greater than or equal to the 95th percentile and elevated diastolic and/or systolic blood pressures were strongly associated with AN grades.Item Association Between Breastfeeding and Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study(2003-08-01) Trombley, Ann M.; Bayona, Manuel; Sandhu, RaghbirTrombley, Ann M., Association Between Breastfeeding and Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study. Master of Public Health (Epidemiology), August 2003, 17 pp., 12 tables, bibliography, 54 titles. Controversy has surrounded the topic of breastfeeding and if it provides a protective effect against childhood asthma. The objective of this study was to assess whether a relationship exists between breastfeeding and childhood asthma. This study also examined several significant predictors of childhood asthma. A cross-sectional study was conducted using NHANES 1999-2000 data to identify and assess the crude and multivariate associations between the above mentioned variables and asthma and the effect that breastfeeding has on these relationships. Prevalence of asthma in this study was 12.5 per 100. Mexican Americans were found to have a protective association with the development of asthma. A strong protective association was found for those who were breastfed and the development of childhood asthma (OR=0.693, p-value=0.014).Item Barriers to Medicaid Enrollment: A Study of the Texas Healthy Kids Corporation(2000-12-01) Barlow, Daphne J.; Mains, Doug A.; Blakley, SallyBarlow, Daphne J., Barriers to Medicaid Enrollment: A Study of the Texas Healthy Kids Corporation. Masters of Public Health (Health Administration), December, 2000, 38 pp., 18 tables, References, 13 titles. Recently Medicaid eligibility was expanded to include more children than ever before in Texas. However, many Medicaid eligible families have not obtained benefits. This study concerns potentially Medicaid eligible families who applied to the Texas Health Kids Corporation. A random telephone survey of these applicants examined the outcome of Medicaid eligibility notification. Data was analyzed to determine the predictors of attempting or completing an application. No significant sensitivity to profilers such as primary language, race/ethnicity, education level or age was detected. Instead, having prior knowledge of Medicaid eligibility and being female were predictive factors to consider when engineering outreach programs. While these results indicated a statistical significance, further study of repeat notification and gender in order to conclusively recommend policy change. These results have implicated for the Texas CHIP program.Item Child Nutrition and Hygiene Practices Related to Dental Caries in Preschool Children(2006-08-01) Sterba, Jennifer A.; Urrutia-Rojas, Ximena; Coggin, ClaudiaSterba R.D.H., B.S., Jennifer A. Child Nutrition and Hygiene Practices Related to Dental Caries in Pre-School Children. Master of Public Health (Community Health), August 2006, 50 pp., bibliography, 22 titles. Dental caries is a significant public health issue among low income children. Head start is a child developmental program that provides education and health services for low income families. One hundred and thirty seven children, age’s three to six, and their parents/guardians enrolled in four sites at Head Start Greater Dallas, Inc. participated in this study. Fifty-three percent of all children had evidence of early childhood caries. In this study, parents/guardians reported adequate nutrition and hygiene practices of their child’s oral health, but children still show a high incidence of caries. Therefore, preventive educational services provided by a dental professional would be beneficial to the Head Start families to improve children’s oral health.Item Do It for Me, Mom.(R) Cervical and Breast Health Awareness: Participant Questionnaire and Outcome Analysis(2001-05-01) Douglas, Kinnie M.; Lykens, Kristine; Urrutia-Rojas, Ximena; Blakley, SallyThe purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the participants of a local health promotion program, Do it for me, mom, and determine the increase in cervical and breast knowledge during the program’s educational outreach. The participants are Tarrant County women who attended a health educational session on cervical and breast cancer in the year 2000. At each educational session, the women completed pretests before the session then participant questionnaires and posttests after the session. The participant questionnaire provides demographic characteristics of these women to determine if they represent women consider underserved by age, ethnicity, or insurance status. The questionnaire also identifies screening compliance behavior. The pretest and posttest data reveals the knowledge level of program participants before and after each education program. The results of the research will measure whether the program is reaching underserved women and/or women with low screening compliance, while determining if the education curriculum and abilities of educators improve the cervical and breast health knowledge of its participants.Item Education of Parents of Newborns with Cleft Lip/Cleft Palate by Healthcare Professionals in Texas Hospitals(2005-05-01) Schimmoller, Mary V.; Lurie, SueSchimmoller, Mary V. Education of Parents of Newborns with Cleft Lip/Cleft Palate by Healthcare Professionals in Texas Hospitals. Master of Public Health (Community Health), May 2005, 37 pp., references, 22 titles. The purpose of this study was to ascertain what, how, when and by whom information is given to parents of cleft lip/palate newborns in Texas hospitals and whether additional information is needed. Methods: Telephone interviews with 97 health care professionals who provide initial care to moms of cleft lip/palate newborns in the 159 Texas hospitals with more than 500 live births in 2003/2004. Findings: 76% of respondents said information given to parents of cleft newborns in effective/ very effective, 63% gave conflicting responses on whether babies with cleft can breastfeed, 35% said additional information is needed, 7% said they need information in additional languages. Conclusion: Information given to parents with cleft lip/palate newborns in Texas hospitals is inconsistent and often insufficient.Item Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Children: Compliance with a Home Smoking Ban Among Texas Households(2007-12-01) Rodriguez, Lori A.; Cardarelli, Kathryn; Ramisetty-Mikler, Suhasini; Lin, Yu-ShengRodriguez, Lori A., Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Children: Compliance With a Home Smoking Ban Among Texas Households. Master of Public Health (Epidemiology), December, 2007, 72 pp., 10 tables, bibliography, 75 titles. This general population study explores characteristics influencing non-compliance with a home smoking ban among Texas households with children, particularly those with asthmatic children. Over 17% of adults reported non-compliance, with the highest rate in African Americans. Adults who currently smoke (25%) had higher reports of having an asthmatic child in the household and were more likely to not comply. Child asthma status was not a significant predictor of non-compliance; however, African Americans with no asthmatic children were more likely than African Americans with an asthmatic child to not comply. The role of race/ethnicity should be further investigated to improve interventions and home smoking bans should continue to be promoted in an effort to reduce environmental tobacco smoke exposure.Item Exploratory Analysis on the Prevalence of Rapid Growth and Overweight in Normal Weight Infants(2004-06-01) Bell, Karen; Urrutia-Rojas, Ximena; Cipher, Daisha; Menchaca, JohnBell, Karen. Exploratory Analysis on the Prevalence of Rapid Growth and Overweight in Normal Birth Weight Infants. Master of Public Health. June 2004. 33 pp, 5 tables, bibliography, 24 titles. Rapid growth can be defined as a period of growth acceleration that occurs in infants who are born of normal birth weight. Research has shown that children who experience this phenomenon exhibit future health conditions such as cardiovascular disease and obesity. Furthermore, these conditions can manifest in childhood and persist to adulthood. The exploratory study reported here examined rapid growth and overweight in this group. This study also included a review of literature that examined health complications and predictors associated with rapid growth and overweight in this group. This study also included a review of literature that examined health complications and predictors associated with rapid growth. In addition, the author investigated the history of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. The exploratory analysis studied data on ninety-one infants from a Cook Children’s Network pediatric office. The infants’ weight and height information were obtained every two months after birth for a six-month time period. This information was used to plot each infant’s growth on 2000 CDC growth charts which would indicate if a child was either growing rapidly, or overweight. Nineteen infants exhibited rapid growth within the first six to nine months of life. Eight were found to be either obese, overweight or at risk of being overweight. The health complications associated with rapid growth in these infants needs to be assessed. Therefore, it is important that more research is performed that examines this phenomenon.Item Fetal Infant Mortality Review: The Next Step in Addressing Infant Mortality in Tarrant County(2008-12-01) Peachy, LatawnyaObjective: An examination of the Fetal Infant Mortality Review process to identify key components of existing programs to gather information for the creation of a Tarrant County FIMR. This report seeks to examine the FIMR model and the possible impact on infant mortality through the development and implementation of recommendations. Methods: This report collected information from surveys of FIMR sites on experiences and lessons learned. The main focus involves sites that developed and implemented recommendations. Results: Although there were differences in operations and infrastructure, the success of the FIMR model is attributed to the ability to implement recommendations. Conclusion: Implementing recommendations that are comprehensive and provide interventions on multiple levels can impact infant mortality within a particular community (Strobino, Misra, and Grason, 2004). Creating strong collaborations to obtain maternal/familial interviews appear to be an important factor can affect the recommendation process, and the overall effectiveness of the review.Item Impact Analysis of Texas Child Fatality Review Teams on Incidence and Select Cause of Death Determination(2000-12-01) Migala, Witold M.; Doug A. MainsMigala, Witold M., Impact Analysis of Texas Child Fatality Review Teams on Incidence and Select Cause of Death Determination. Doctor of Philosophy (Biomedical Sciences), December 2000, 136 pp., 14 tables, reference list, 107 titles. To examine the impact of Child Fatality Review Teams (CFRT) on the overall death rates of children in Texas, those counties with CFRT representation were compared to counties without representation. Death rates for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and rates for death due to abuse, classified by ICD-9 coding, were also compared marked by CFRT representation. The Texas Department of Health’s Epigram database was used to collect death rate data. Age-adjusted death rates by gender, race/ethnicity, age group and cause of death were established for the five countries with CFRTs initiated in 1992; the two countries with teams initiated in 1993; and the 56 countries with teams initiated in 1994. These were compared to the death rates of counties without CFRT representation for the same years. Analyses were conducted by using t-tests, chi-square, and ARIMA statistics, and calculations of odds ratios and confidence intervals. The results of the inferential tests suggest that CFRT representation had a protective effect on children’s death rates contingent on the longevity of representation. Additional research regarding impact evaluation of multidisciplinary team representation on the incidence and rate of children’s deaths is recommended.Item Income Inequality and Racial Disparities in Infant Mortality in Texas Counties(2004-05-01) Jesmin, Syeda S.; Eve, Susan; Lykens, Kristine; Lawson, ErmaJesmin, Syeda S., Income Inequality and Racial Disparities in Infant Mortality in Texas Counties. Master of Public Health (Health Services Research), May, 2004, 63 pp., 7 tables, 2 figures, references, 74 titles. This study provides an initial examination of predictors of differences of infant mortality between African-Americans and Whites. Guided by Wilkinson’s theory, it was hypothesized that income inequality among the population is a significant predictor of infant mortality disparities. A number of socioeconomic and health services variables were used in this study to control for the effects of income inequality on the dependent variable. Findings suggest that income inequality of a county is not a direct predictor of higher infant mortality of African-Americans than Whites. However, the association of inequality and IMR gap varies based on the metropolitan status of the county. Insurance status was found to have a negative effect on IMR gap, which implies the importance of including variables other than related to access (such as, quality of care) in future research.Item Ladies' Guide in Health and Disease : Girlhood, Maidenhood, Wifehood, Motherhood(Modern Medicine Publishing Co., 1896-01-01) Kellogg, John690 p., [35] leaves of plates (incl. 15 bound together in pocket) : ill. (some col.), port. ; 23 cm.Item Maternal Depression as Predictor of Repeat Child Unintentional Injury(2004-12-01) Webster Krause, Lisa Ruth; Lurie, Sue; Gonzalez, AdelaWebster Krause, Lisa Ruth, Maternal Depression as Predictor of Repeat Child Unintentional Injury. Master of Public Health (Community Health), December 2004, 39 pp., 4 tables, references 28 titles. Current literature supports maternal depression as a predictor of child unintentional injury. There have been conflicting results concerning mediating and other risk factors. This study aims to reexamine the link between maternal depression and the occurrence of repeat child unintentional injury in the home. Using the NHIS 2002 data maternal depression was found to predict child repeat unintentional injury in this national sample. It was found that the most predictive model of repeat unintentional injury in this national sample. It was found that the most predictive model of repeat child unintentional injury consisted of maternal depression and low-income. Since maternal depression and low-income have been identified as underlying determinants of child unintentional injury, they should be a priority in prevention efforts so as to more effectively reduce the occurrence of repeat unintentional injury among children in the home.Item Maternal Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Steps Towards Millennium Developmental Goals(2014-05-01) Eghieye, Inanaboyai; Lykens, KristineBackground: With one year to the millennium developmental goals (MDGs) target deadline of 2015, goal 5 "Improve maternal health" is still falling short compared to many of the other goals. Its first target: "the reduction of maternal mortality by 75%" will not be realized by the deadline as only 50% deduction had been achieved according to 2013 data. The aim of this paper was review several indicators of Sub-Saharan Africa as they relate to maternal mortality such as GDP per capita, education, access to antenatal care, and skilled birth attendance. Methods: This paper conducted a linear regression with year fixed effects analysis on the effect of various factors, such as skilled birth attendance, antenatal care, and GDP per Capita, on maternal mortality. The method of statistical analysis used for this study was a regression analysis. The unit of analysis is by country. Results: The analysis found that maternal mortality ratio had reduced of the periods of the study. Skilled birth attendance, Antenatal care, Education, GDP per capita and Economic Freedom were significant and were highly correlated with the reduction in maternal mortality. Conclusion: Maternal mortality is an issue that, sadly, still adversely affects the developing regions of the world, which led to its addition in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000 (United Nations Children's Fund, 2012). Since the inclusion of maternal mortality in the MDGs there has been a reduction in worldwide maternal mortality rate. The reduction of maternal mortality is an ongoing that requires dedication resources and implementation of various strategies.Item Parental Intent to Vaccinate Young Children Against the Flu(2013-12-01) Komatz, Stephani; Suhasini Ramisetty-MiklerBackground: Influenza is a preventable respiratory condition that affects over 3 million people every year. Young children are especially susceptible to complications from influenza. Daycare settings are highly vulnerable for infectious disease transmission. The objective of the study is to examine parental, child, and demographic factors that are associated with intent to vaccinate and whether intention determines parental vaccinating behavior. Methods: Parents of children 6 years and younger from 23 daycare centers in Tarrant County participated in a survey. Data on parental intent to vaccinate, education on flu vaccination, access to and utilization of health care, and health status of the child were collected. Analyses included bivariate and multivariate techniques to assess associations between predictors and outcomes. Results: Predictive factors associated with parental intent to vaccinate include physician discussion of benefits of flu vaccines (OR = 2.91, 95% CI (1.75, 4.83), p Conclusions: The study indicates that physician discussion of benefits of the flu vaccine, access to and utilization of health care, the child’s health status are important factors that may help in increasing parental intention to vaccinate their child against the flu. These factors can be utilized to improve the efficacy of outreach programs and vaccination success rates.Item Population Characteristics Suggest Modifications to Proposed Pediatric Asthma Intervention Program(1998-08-01) DeMoss, Margaret W.; Ramirez, Gilbert; Urrutia-Rojas, Ximena; Coggin, ClaudiaDeMoss, Margaret W., Population Characteristics Suggest Modifications to Proposed Pediatric Asthma Intervention Program. Master of Public Health, August, 1998, 57 pp., 4 tables, 1 illustration, 2 appendices, reference list, 46 titles. Asthma is the most common chronic childhood disease affecting almost 5 million children in this country. The children most as risk for developing asthma come from low income, minority, and urban families. This studies examines a proposed pediatric asthma intervention program targeting Tarrant County area Medicaid clients. The purpose of this study is to define different subgroups and preferences among those clients and to recommend modifications that are likely to improve program outcomes. Recommendations were based on information gathered from interviews with 70 families, all having at least one child with asthma. Specific interests in learning more about asthma as well as learning preferences are tested for association with a variety of family characteristics. Although no statistically significant results were determined for subgroups, descriptive findings reveal that a large minority of respondents are interested in more information about asthma, but not necessarily by the means proposed. The study also suggests special needs for families with very young children, for those with adult asthma, and for Hispanics.