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Item A Comprehensive Summary of the Knowledge on COVID-19 Treatment(JKL International, 2021-02-01) Peng, Yu; Tao, Hongxun; Satyanarayanan, Senthil Kumaran; Jin, Kunlin; Su, HuanxingCurrently, the world is challenged by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Epidemiologists and researchers worldwide are invariably trying to understand and combat this precarious new disease. Scrutinizing available drug options and developing potential new drugs are urgent needs to subdue this pandemic. Several intervention strategies are being considered and handled worldwide with limited success, and many drug candidates are yet in the trial phase. Despite these limitations, the development of COVID-19 treatment strategies has been accelerated to improve the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19, and some countries have efficiently kept it under control. Recently, the use of natural and traditional medicine has also set the trend in coronavirus treatment. This review aimed to discuss the prevailing COVID-19 treatment strategies available globally by examining their efficacy, potential mechanisms, limitations, and challenges in predicting a future potential treatment candidate and bridging them with the effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The findings might enrich the knowledge on traditional alternative medication and its complementary role with Western medicine in managing the COVID-19 epidemic.Item A Study of the Effectiveness and Tolerability of Weekly Rifapentine/Isoniazid for Three Months Versus Daily Isoniazid for Nine Months for the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection(2004-11-01) Lemp, Jessie; Patricia Gwirtz; Walter McConathy; Richard EasomLemp, Jessie M. A Study of the Effectiveness and Tolerability of Weekly Rifapentine/Isoniazid for Three Months Versus Daily Isoniazid for Nine Months for the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Master of Science, November, 2004, 107 pp., 4 tables, 4 figures, references, 29 titles. The standard treatment for latent tuberculosis infection, nine months of daily isoniazid, is effective at preventing active tuberculosis; however, its full benefits are limited by non-adherence. A shorter intermittent regimen of rifapentine plus isoniazid once weekly for three months is equally effective as the standard regimen in animal models. This regimen facilitates the use of directly observed therapy, a method that significantly improves adherence. The Center for Disease Control is sponsoring Study 26 to test the effectiveness and tolerability the three-month rifapentine based regimen in latently infected persons with risk factors for progression to active tuberculosis. This thesis will describe the background rationale and methods for the clinical trial, and the internship experience.Item An Analytical Study of the Perceptions, Prevention Strategies, Treatment and Economic Impact of Equine West Nile Virus(2004-06-01) Galvan, Robert; Lurie, Sue; Singh, Karan; Gonzalez, AdelaGalvan, Robert, M.P.H., M.S. An Analytical Study of the Perceptions, Prevention Strategies, Treatment and Economic Impact of Equine West Nile Virus. Doctor of Public Health, Social and Behavioral Sciences, June 2004, 109 pp., 16 Tables, 15 Figures, 47 Titles. Since the introduction of the West Nile Virus (WNV) in the United State in 1999, WNV has been the cause of disease and deaths in humans, wild birds, zoo birds, and horses. In 2002, more than 15,000 equines in 40 states were diagnosed with illness associated with WNV. Approximately one third of those horses died or were euthanized (Campbell et al, 2002). Horses are infected with the WNV more often than humans or any other mammal. It is becoming on e of the fastest growing health threats to horses nationwide. Texas responded to the discovery of WNV by expanding their surveillance systems in the eastern counties of the state (Texas Department of Health, 2003). Positive reports for WNV were announced in 2002, which prompted an increase in public education and equine vaccination recommendations. Although much has been reported on the economic impact WNV has on human health and hospital care facilities, documentation is lacking on these issues in the equine population. Understanding the biology, epidemiology, economic impact, and how WNV affects the equine industry are important aspects to public health programs and prevention activities. The objectives of this study are to: (1) examine WNV cases in the equine population in Texas in order to better understand the distribution of clinical disease, signs, treatments and outcomes; (2) to provide information regarding the perceptions, knowledge, concerns, and treatment of the WNV by Texas veterinarians; and (3) to determine the economic impact of the WNV on the equine population in the state. A 14 question survey was mailed to licensed veterinarians in Texas in an effort to gather information about their perceptions and beliefs of the WNV, recommended treatment preferences, and the estimated cost of treatment. Outcomes included case fatality rate, descriptive data, veterinarians’ knowledge of WNV, veterinarians’ beliefs/perceptions of WNV, and the economic impact of WNV. Descriptive analyses were performed by using SPSS version 11. The methods used for analysis of WNV data were primarily simple descriptive statistics including summations and frequencies. A cross-tabulation was performed between the results of Questions 1, 2, and 3 and a variable created to approximate the number of veterinarians that actually treated cases of WNV (treat). A cross-tabulation and Chi-square analysis was performed between the treatment variables (treat) and derived variables of Questions 1, 2, and 3 to examine differing beliefs and knowledge between veterinarians who had treated WNV and those who had not. Seven hundred of 4,177 surveys returned yielded a response rate of 16.8 percent. Among the veterinarians, 73.4% (514/691) believed that they are receiving or received enough training and/or education concerning WNV. The vaccination regimen is believed to be effective and reliable by 56.1% (393/691) of the respondents. There were 1,256 cases of equine WNV reported confirmed via laboratory testing. There were also 766 cases reported that were not confirmed via laboratory testing. Among the 2,022 diagnosed cases, 257 were vaccinated against WNV prior to illness; and, 159 cases were vaccinated after signs of illness. A total of 441 horses died as either a direct cause of the disease or by owner or veterinarian elected euthanasia. The most common criteria used to decide euthanasia in these horses was prolonged recumbency as reported by 44.2% (87/197) or the veterinarians. Fifty-two percent (233/488) of the veterinarians did not recommend prevention strategies to equine owners. The cost of vaccination regimen was reported by 63% (269/434) of the veterinarians to be $25 or less. The results of the survey suggest that there could be a need for WVN education among veterinarians in areas of prevention, control, and treatment. Future studies should be conducted to examine owner perceptions, knowledge and beliefs of WNV vaccinations and prevention strategies. Values for lost horses were not solicited in the survey, thus, a total economic impact could not be completely estimated. However, a formula to approximate the aggregate economic impact of the WNV on the Texas equine industry was employed.Item Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Dengue among Physicians: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey(MDPI, 2021-07-21) Koonisetty, Kranthi Swaroop; Aghamohammadi, Nasrin; Urmi, Tamanna; Yavasoglu, Sare Ilknur; Rahman, Md. Shahinur; Nandy, Rajesh; Haque, UbydulDengue fever is one of the most important viral infections transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Accurate identification of cases and treatment of dengue patients at the early stages can reduce medical complications and dengue mortality rate. This survey aims to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among physicians in dengue diagnosis and treatment. This study was conducted among physicians in Turkey as one nonendemic country and Bangladesh, India, and Malaysia as three dengue-endemic countries. The dosing frequencies, maximum doses, and contraindications in dengue fever were examined. The results found that physicians from Bangladesh, India, and Malaysia have higher KAP scores in dengue diagnosis and treatment compared to physicians in Turkey. This may be due to a lack of physician's exposure to a dengue patient as Turkey is considered a nonendemic country. This assessment may help establish a guideline for intervention strategies among physicians to have successful treatment outcomes and reduce dengue mortality.Item Clinical Internship with the Clinical Glaucoma/Viability Group at Alcon Research, Ltd.: The Use of Prostaglandin Analogues in the Treatment of Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma (OAG) or Ocular Hypertension (OHT)(2003-12-01) Hall, Magali G.; Robert Wordinger; Richard Easom; Victoria RudickHall, Magali. Master of Science, Biomedical Sciences, December 2003. The use of Prostaglandin Analogues (PGAs) in the Treatment of Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma (OAG) or Ocular Hypertension (OHT). Summary: Glaucoma is an ocular condition that causes damage to the optic nerve leading to a loss of visual function, and permanent blindness if left untreated. It is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the U.S. The main risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathy is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), which can be controlled by pharmaceutical therapy, surgical therapy or both. Topical medication is usually recommended prior to surgical intervention. Objectives: This study had two main objectives. First, to determine the IOP lower safety and efficacy of three concentrations of a new prostaglandin analogues (PGA), and secondly to determine the incidence of ocular hyperemia with once-daily dosing of study medication compared to it’s vehicle and to latanoprost, a marketed PGA. Study Design: This was a Phase II, double-masked, dose-response study with five treatment arms (the three different concentrations of study drug), vehicle, and latanoprost. Study was conducted in fourteen days, with five study visits as follows: Screening and eligibility visit followed by three on-therapy visits scheduled on Day 1, Day 7, and Day 14. The primary efficacy variable was IOP measurements taken at four different time points on study visits. Results: Final data will not available in time to include in this paper.Item Descriptive Study of Non-Fatal Occupational Injuries Treated in the Emergency Department(2001-12-01) Sinha, Sony; Antonio A. ReneSinha, Sony, Descriptive Study of Non-Fatal Occupational Injuries Treated in the Emergency Department. Master of Public Health (Epidemiology), December, 2001, 18 pp., 10 tables, 6 titles. This study describes work-related injury visits to the emergency department. The data used for this study was the 1999 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey emergency department subsection. The patterns of work-related injury visits by month, day of the week, gender, race/ethnicity, age, primary diagnosis and primary cause of injury are examined. The most common diagnoses for work-related injuries were sprains and strains, open wounds, and superficial injuries (71% of total visits). The Most common causes of work-related injuries were sharp objects, overexertion, being struck, and falls (69% of total visits).Item Does Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Improve Dyspnea and Exercise Tolerance Subjects with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?(2006-05-01) Pickett, Carolyn M.; Stoll, Scott; Cruser, des Anges; Licciardone, John C.Pickett, Carolyn M., D.O., M.S. Does Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Improve Dyspnea and Exercise Tolerance in Subjects with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Master of Science (Clinical Research and Education – OMM), May 2006, 54 pages, 10 tables, 4 figures, references 48 titles. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death globally and is projected to increase. This highly prevalent and costly disease causes reduced physical and social functioning, and none of the existing medications for COPD seem to modify long-term decline in lung function. COPD patients with the severe dyspnea have more deficits in the health status and energy. Reduced functional status has been significantly correlated with health related quality of life. Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) has been suggested for treatment of COPD as early as 1902, some research indicates that OMT may improve dyspnea and exercise tolerance, yet there are few published studies on OMT and COPD. Study goals were to increase scientific knowledge about how OMT may immediately improve dyspnea and exercise tolerance in stable COPD following exertion. This RCT was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) in Fort Worth and funded by the Osteopathic Research Center (ORC) at UNTHSC. –Hypothesis 1: A single intervention of OMT will improve dyspnea in a stable COPD subject, as measured by response to the Borg scale with exertion, when compared to no treatment. –Hypothesis: a single intervention of OMT will improve exercise tolerance in a stable COPD subject, as measured by distance walked during the six-minute walk test, when compared to no treatment. Twenty-one subjects completed the trial, 10 in the OMT group and 11 in the no-treatment group. No significant differences were found in the Borg scale or 6MWT following OMT. This study is limited by a small sample size and single OMT intervention design; however, it does demonstrate the feasibility of this research at this institution and may lead to a larger, more definitive and funded clinical trial.Item Gender Differences: Making the Decision to Seek Treatment for Symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction(2000-05-01) Borski, Catherine A.; Shelia Reed; Joseph Doster; Claudia CogginBorski, Catherine A., Gender Differences: Making the decision to seek treatment for symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Masters of Public Health (Health Behavior), May, 2000, 57 pp., reference list, 37 titles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the problem: Do differences in interpretation and response to symptoms of AMI account for additional delay in seeking treatment in women compared with men? The sample consisted of 50 (21 women, 29 men) post-myocardial infarction patients in a large, non-profit, teaching hospital in central Texas. Participants were interviewed within 72 hours of admission using the Revised Response to Symptoms questionnaire. In this study, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the cognitive and emotional processes that men and women use when making the decision to seek treatment for symptoms of AMI.Item Inhibitory Rib-Raising and Microneurographic Measurement of Sympathetic Nervous System Activity(2007-05-01) Kinzler, Damien W.; Michael Smith; Russell Gamber; Hollis KingThe clinical effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT) techniques that are designed to address the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are untested to current research standards. As the concept of “autonomic imbalance” is frequently ascribed as the etiology of various pathologic conditions, it is paramount to undertake basic research into not only efficacy but also possible mechanistic actions and origins. Osteopathic physicians often utilize treatment regimens and techniques for which the given mechanism of action is simply attributed to “balancing the autonomics”. This intuitive concept may finally be at the threshold where enough basic science exists to justify clinical investigations. Osteopathic manual manipulative techniques have shown effectiveness in the treatment of various musculoskeletal conditions and have been shown to lower perceived pain; supporting the use of manual therapy as an effective treatment modality. A brief review yields the following within just the last four years: Eisenhart showed positive range-of-motion outcomes after ankle sprain in the emergency department. Biondi reviews the usefulness of cervical manipulation for tension headache and McReynolds demonstrated an equivalent decrease in acute neck with OMT versus intramuscular ketolac in an emergency department setting, although the dosing was not maximal. German researchers have shown effectiveness in chronic epicondylopathia humeri radialis and research has led to the demonstration of lowered post-operative pain in hip or knee arthroplasty. There has also been decreased post-operative pain medication reported in hysterectomy when compared with a control group. OMT has demonstrated a decrease in fibromyalgia symptoms when used with standard care over standard care alone. Low back pain, perhaps the most extensively studied diagnosis in which OMT has been evaluated, has reported numerous positive outcomes including lower levels of narcotic use and decreased pain in both double-blinded and meta-analysis studies, although there is still considerable debate within this area. There has also been favorable outcomes associated with the management of gain in Parkinson’s disease and preliminary work has shown the efficacy in treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Most of the aforementioned musculoskeletal conditions are not amenable to traditional therapies and have a high-cost burden on the economy. Traditional treatments generally have a “wait and see” approach combined with analgesics which may not cause harm, but hampers quality of life and income in the interim. The cost effectiveness of OMT is still in the preliminary stages, but there is evidence supporting a superior cost benefit ratio when compared to standard care and since many of these conditions have no other proven treatment modality available patients will often try anything over nothing. The evaluation of OMT addressing clear autonomic dysfunction is limited. This study closes a small part of that gap by examining the proposed physiologic mechanism of OMT and its’ interaction with the ANS. Small studies have documented changes, namely heart rate variability, in autonomic processes in healthy individuals while other, older studies have found benefit in clinical variables. With few exceptions however, most of these studies lacked a particular technique protocol. Operators were free to use whatever intervention that they chose and most of these studies were not performed under rigorous testing methods with a randomized design. The technique that was evaluated (inhibitory rib-raising) has a documented history from the origins of osteopathic medicine in the United States, and is currently taught to students in osteopathic medical schools as part of their medical education curriculum. Rib-raising is most often taught to enhance the mechanical motion of the ribs, but other paradigms utilize this technique to either enhance or inhibit sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. The evaluation of inhibitory rib-raising or its’ proposed mechanism of action has never been rigorously scrutinized to modern scientific standards. The current study was designed to address that gap with both direct and indirect measurement of SNS variable in healthy individuals with the hypothesis that there would be a time-dependent, graded reduction in measured sympathetic nervous system activity (MSNA) in healthy individuals undergoing cold-pressor stimulus.Item Neuroprotective effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-y) ligands against oxidative stress(2003-12-01) Aoun, Paul; Simpkins, James W.; Dillon, Glenn; Gracy, RobertAoun, Paul Neuroprotective effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-y) ligands against oxidative stress. Doctor of Philosophy (Pharmacology and Neurosciences), December, 2003, 254 pp., 37 figures. Diabetes mellitus is a significant public health problem in the United States and the world resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Diabetes complications, i.e., neuropathy, are common and almost triple the annual cost of managing diabetes. In our studies, we investigated the role that insulin sensitizers currently used for the treatment of diabetes, the PPAR-y ligands, might play in protecting neurons against oxidative stresses. We showed that two PPAR-y ligands, 15 deoxy-PGJ2 and troglitazone, protected, in a dose-dependent manner, HT-22 mouse hippocampal and RGC-5 retinal ganglion cell lines against various oxidative insults. Further, we demonstrated that neuroprotection by 15deoxy-PGJ2 and troglitazone was independent of the PPAR-y receptor. Our findings brought to light an important role of PPAR-y ligands in preventing neuronal complications from diabetes. Moreover, the studies reported herein provide valuable insights into the development of novel therapeutic compounds that improve insulin sensitivity while preventing neurological, and possibly other complications of diabetes.Item Pharmacological Evaluation of the D2 and D3 Dopamine Receptor Selective Compounds on L-Dopa Dependent Abnormal Involuntary Movements in Rats(2008-05-01) Kumar, Rakesh; Robert Luedtke; Hriday K. Das; Nathalie SumienKumar Rakesh, Pharmacological Evaluation of the D2 and D3 Dopamine Receptor Selective Compounds on L-dopa Dependent Abnormal Involuntary Movements in Rats. Master of Science (Pharmacology & Neuroscience), May 2008, 106 pp, 21 illustrations, references, 31 titles. Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease of the dopamine neurons that innervate the striatum and is characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bardykinesia and postural instability. L-dopa treatment is the most common and effective therapy for PD. However, both motor (wear-off phenomena, rigidity and dyskinesia) and non-motor (sweating, tachycardia, restless leg syndrome, anxiety, depression, confusion, reduced alertness, psychosis and/or dementia) side effects are associated with long term L-dopa therapy. Motor complications depend on the duration of L-dopa treatment and the abnormal involuntary movements are known as L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Several studies have suggested a possible role of the dopamine D3 receptor subtype in LID. Here I evaluated the effects of various D2 and D3 dopamine receptor selective compounds on LID in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced complete lesioned hemi-parkinsonian model of rat. D3 dopamine receptor selective compounds (agonists, partial agonists or antagonists) have antidyskinetic effects on LID. Co-administration of D3 dopamine receptor agonist and D3 dopamine receptor antagonist has additive effects in attenuating the LID instead of antagonizing the effects of each other in vivo. D3 dopamine receptor selective compounds attenuated apomorphine-induced dyskinesia.Item PREDICTORS OF PROGRAM COMPLETION AND RECIDIVISM IN A JAIL-BASED TREATMENT PROGRAM(2013-04-12) Ebare, KingsleyPurpose: Substance abuse is a major contributing factor to incarceration and recidivism. Jail substance abuse treatment programs can be effective in decreasing incarceration and recidivism. Understanding the barriers and predictors of program completion, relapse and recidivism in substance abuse treatment programs can facilitate tailored interventions directed at more adversely affected subgroups to improve treatment outcomes. This evaluation study examines the relationship between program completion and socio-demographic factors in predicting recidivism in a jail-based substance abuse treatment program for probationers as they re-integrate into the community. Methods: This study is an outcome evaluation study to determine predictors of program completion and recidivism in a substance abuse treatment program. The program is designed in three phases. Phase 1 is the in-jail component of the intervention, while in phases 2 and 3, the probationer resides in the community, but is required to attend treatment in the supervised(phase 2) and unsupervised(phase 3) phase. We analyzed Data from 197 offenders who participated in the treatment program between June 2009 and December 2012. Variables included age at first arrest, monthly income, gang involvement, prior arrest, employment status, level of education, offense level, mental health status, offence category, and risk level Results: Program completers reported a statistically significant higher income (t=2.95, p=0.02), higher age at first arrest (t=1.94, p=0.03). We found no statistically significant association between program completion and prior arrest (p>0.05) or level of offense (p>0.05). However, recidivism was positively associated with prior arrest (p=0.001), offense level (p=0.048), and offense type (p=0.007). There was no significant association between recidivism and marital status, employment status or education. Logistics regression analysis revealed risk level (OR=0.263) income level (OR=1.001) as significant predictors of program completion while marital status (OR=7.396), prior arrest(OR=0.112) and age at prior arrest (OR=0.906) showed significant association with recidivism. Conclusions: Age at first arrest, Prior arrest and marital status are associated with recidivism while drug risk level and income level are associated with recidivismItem Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Xanthine Oxidase/Xanthine Dehydrogenase Inhibitor in the Treatment of Gout(2003-12-01) Brooks, Molly; Rudick, Victoria; Forman, Mitchell; Jimenez-Williams, CynthiaSummary: The internship report is based on the activities completed during the Internship Practicum at the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, at the University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth and at the Rheumatology Clinic at John Peter Smith Hospital. This internship serves as partial training in the area of Clinical Research Management and focuses on studies involving rheumatic diseases, with specific emphasis on Gout. Specific Aims/Hypothesis: Ongoing clinical trials in the Department of Internal Medicine Rheumatology clinic are the bases for the project which focuses on the treatment of gout and a proprietary study on the uses of a novel xanthine oxidase/ xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor (XOD/XDH inhibitor) to relieve the symptoms of gout. The particular research is a phase three study to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel xanthine oxidase/ xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor compared to a placebo and an established xanthine oxidase/ xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor, allopurinol. The hypothesis of the study is that the new XOD/XDH inhibitor will be more effective at lowering uric acid levels and thus will reduce the frequency of gout more effectively and with fewer side effects than traditional treatment or a placebo. Under the direction of the Department of Internal Medicine, subjects who met inclusion/exclusion criteria of the study were randomly assigned to be treated with colchicine in addition to either allopurinol, or the novel compound, which hereafter will be referred to as the novel XOD/XDH inhibitor, or to a placebo. The safety and efficacy of the novel XOD/XDH inhibitor will be compared to the traditional drug of choice allopurinol, a uric acid lowering agent, and to a placebo. The placebo is an inactive pill that is designed to look and taste like either allopurinol or the novel XOD/XDH inhibitor. While the period of the internship is not long enough to complete the study and thereby assess the reliability of the hypothesis, the internship and this report have two specific aims: (1) to perform a literature search of gout and related topics and (2) to understand and perform activities of a clinical research coordinator as they relate to the novel XOD/XDH inhibitor study and to other clinical trials in rheumatology. The literature search focuses on specific areas concerned with details about gout: history, epidemiology, forms, causes, signs and symptoms, clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, therapeutics (past, present, and future), prevention, associations, cellular mechanisms involved in hyperuricemia, as well as inflammation. The project also provides a description of the activities involved in clinical research, and discusses specifically the roles of the various personnel: Clinical Trials Coordinator, Principle Investigator, Sub-investigator, Institutional Review Board, and Clinical Trials Monitor as they have been involved in the novel XOD/XDH inhibitor study and other studies in rheumatology. Significance: Finding a new treatment for gout is of significant importance for several reasons. In countries with a high standard of living, such as the United States, prevalence of gout has increased and is probably the second most common form of inflammatory arthritis. Gout can result in significant short-term disability, occupational limitations, and increased utilization of medical services therefore making the disease a significant public health problem. New treatment options could greatly improve the prognosis for patients and in addition reduce the cost of the disease by preventing loss of wages due to patient absence from work, for example. Furthermore, new treatments for gout could provide patients with safer therapeutics alternatives than the traditional treatments.Item The Role of Patient Education in the Patient's Familiarity and Understanding of Treatment(2008-12-01) Bittenbinder, Emelia NoeleBittenbinder, Emelia Noele., The Role of Patient Education in the Patient’s Familiarity and Understanding of Treatment. Master of Science (Clinical Research Management), December 2008 78pp, 10 illustrations, reference list, 19 titles. Purpose: Demonstrate patient education as a viable option for improving patient adherence. Hypothesis: Patients information about their treatments. This knowledge about specific study treatments allows the patient to be more familiar with administering treatment, thus leading to greater treatment adherence. Design: A presentation over the absorption and distribution of a sublingual medication and the importance of taking this medication properly for the subject to view. After viewing the presentation, the subject completed a short subjective survey. A survey regarding the subject’s adherence was completed by the study coordinator. Results: The subject and study coordinator provided positive feedback and despite the lack of participants, this protocol was shown as a feasible method of patient education.