Publications -- Ayyappa Chaturvedula
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12503/31614
This collection is limited to articles published under the terms of a creative commons license or other open access publishing agreement since 2016. It is not intended as a complete list of the author's works.
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Model-based predictions of protective HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence levels in cisgender women(Springer Nature, 2023-11-14) Zhang, Lanxin; Iannuzzi, Sara; Chaturvedula, Ayyappa; Irungu, Elizabeth; Haberer, Jessica E.; Hendrix, Craig W.; von Kleist, MaxMost human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections occur in cisgender women in resource-limited settings. In women, self-protection with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate pre-exposure prophylaxis (FTC/TDF-PrEP) constitutes a major pillar of HIV prevention. However, clinical trials in women had inconsistent outcomes, sparking uncertainty about adherence requirements and reluctance in evaluating on-demand regimens. We analyzed data from published FTC/TDF-PrEP trials to establish efficacy ranges in cisgender women. In a 'bottom-up' approach, we modeled hypotheses in the context of risk-group-specific, adherence-efficacy profiles and challenged those hypotheses with clinical data. We found that different clinical outcomes were related to the proportion of women taking the product, allowing coherent interpretation of the data. Our analysis showed that 90% protection was achieved when women took some product. We found that hypotheses of putative male/female differences were either not impactful or statistically inconsistent with clinical data. We propose that differing clinical outcomes could arise from pill-taking behavior rather than biological factors driving specific adherence requirements in cisgender women.Item Investigation of the Dermal Absorption and Irritation Potential of Sertaconazole Nitrate Anhydrous Gel(MDPI, 2016-07-07) Manian, Mahima; Madrasi, Kumpal; Chaturvedula, Ayyappa; Banga, Ajay K.Effective topical therapy of cutaneous fungal diseases requires the delivery of the active agent to the target site in adequate concentrations to produce a pharmacological effect and inhibit the growth of the pathogen. In addition, it is important to determine the concentration of the drug in the skin in order to evaluate the subsequent efficacy and potential toxicity for topical formulations. For this purpose, an anhydrous gel containing sertaconazole nitrate as a model drug was formulated and the amount of the drug in the skin was determined by in vitro tape stripping. The apparent diffusivity and partition coefficients were then calculated by a mathematical model describing the dermal absorption as passive diffusion through a pseudo-homogenous membrane. The skin irritation potential of the formulation was also assessed by using the in vitro Epiderm model. An estimation of the dermal absorption parameters allowed us to evaluate drug transport across the stratum corneum following topical application. The estimated concentration for the formulation was found to be higher than the MIC100 at the target site which suggested its potential efficacy for treating fungal infections. The skin irritation test showed the formulation to be non-irritating in nature. Thus, in vitro techniques can be used for laying the groundwork in developing efficient and non-toxic topical products.Item Broader Implications of Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Tools in Pharmacotherapeutic Decisions: A Cautionary Optimism(Frontiers Media S.A., 2020-04-29) Chaturvedula, Ayyappa; Palasik, Brittany N.; Cho, Hae Jin; Goyal, Navin