Modulation of Mitochondrial Metabolic Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes in Healthy and Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork Cells with Hybrid Small Molecule SA-2

Date

2023-07-29

Authors

Amankwa, Charles E.
Young, Olivia
DebNath, Biddut
Gondi, Sudershan R.
Rangan, Rajiv
Ellis, Dorette Z.
Zode, Gulab S.
Stankowska, Dorota L.
Acharya, Suchismita

ORCID

0000-0001-5098-5555 (Acharya, Suchismita)
0000-0002-7823-2595 (Zode, Gulab S.)

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Publisher

MDPI

Abstract

Oxidative stress (OS)-induced mitochondrial damage is a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Mitochondria-targeted novel antioxidant therapies could unearth promising drug candidates for the management of POAG. Previously, our dual-acting hybrid molecule SA-2 with nitric oxide-donating and antioxidant activity reduced intraocular pressure and improved aqueous humor outflow in rodent eyes. Here, we examined the mechanistic role of SA-2 in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells in vitro and measured the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes during OS. Primary human TM cells isolated from normal (hNTM) or glaucomatous (hGTM) post-mortem donors and transformed glaucomatous TM cells (GTM-3) were used for in vitro assays. We examined the effect of SA-2 on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in vitro using Seahorse Analyzer with or without the oxidant, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) treatment. Concentrations of total antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. We observed significant protection of both hNTM and hGTM cells from TBHP-induced cell death by SA-2. Antioxidant enzymes were elevated in SA-2-treated cells compared to TBHP-treated cells. In addition, SA-2 demonstrated an increase in mitochondrial metabolic parameters. Altogether, SA-2 protected both normal and glaucomatous TM cells from OS via increasing mitochondrial energy parameters and the activity of antioxidant enzymes.

Description

Citation

Amankwa, C. E., Young, O., DebNath, B., Gondi, S. R., Rangan, R., Ellis, D. Z., Zode, G., Stankowska, D. L., & Acharya, S. (2023). Modulation of Mitochondrial Metabolic Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes in Healthy and Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork Cells with Hybrid Small Molecule SA-2. International journal of molecular sciences, 24(14), 11557. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411557

Rights

© 2023 by the authors.

License

Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)