Genetic assessment reveals no population substructure and divergent regional and sex-specific histories in the Chachapoyas from northeast Peru

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dc.creatorGuevara, Evelyn K.
dc.creatorPalo, Jukka U.
dc.creatorOversti, Sanni
dc.creatorKing, Jonathan L.
dc.creatorSeidel, Maria
dc.creatorStoljarova, Monika
dc.creatorWendt, Frank R.
dc.creatorBus, Magdalena M.
dc.creatorGuengerich, Anna
dc.creatorChurch, Warren B.
dc.creatorGuillen, Sonia
dc.creatorRoewer, Lutz
dc.creatorBudowle, Bruce
dc.creatorSajantila, Antti
dc.creator.orcid0000-0002-6733-8300 (Bus, Magdalena M.)
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-22T20:39:14Z
dc.date.available2022-08-22T20:39:14Z
dc.date.issued2020-12-31
dc.description.abstractMany native populations in South America have been severely impacted by two relatively recent historical events, the Inca and the Spanish conquest. However decisive these disruptive events may have been, the populations and their gene pools have been shaped markedly also by the history prior to the conquests. This study focuses mainly on the Chachapoya peoples that inhabit the montane forests on the eastern slopes of the northern Peruvian Andes, but also includes three distinct neighboring populations (the Jivaro, the Huancas and the Cajamarca). By assessing mitochondrial, Y-chromosomal and autosomal diversity in the region, we explore questions that have emerged from archaeological and historical studies of the regional culture (s). These studies have shown, among others, that Chachapoyas was a crossroads for Coast-Andes-Amazon interactions since very early times. In this study, we examine the following questions: 1) was there pre-Hispanic genetic population substructure in the Chachapoyas sample? 2) did the Spanish conquest cause a more severe population decline on Chachapoyan males than on females? 3) can we detect different patterns of European gene flow in the Chachapoyas region? and, 4) did the demographic history in the Chachapoyas resemble the one from the Andean area? Despite cultural differences within the Chachapoyas region as shown by archaeological and ethnohistorical research, genetic markers show no significant evidence for past or current population substructure, although an Amazonian gene flow dynamic in the northern part of this territory is suggested. The data also indicates a bottleneck c. 25 generations ago that was more severe among males than females, as well as divergent population histories for populations in the Andean and Amazonian regions. In line with previous studies, we observe high genetic diversity in the Chachapoyas, despite the documented dramatic population declines. The diverse topography and great biodiversity of the northeastern Peruvian montane forests are potential contributing agents in shaping and maintaining the high genetic diversity in the Chachapoyas region.
dc.description.sponsorshipA.S.: Medicinska Understödsföreningen Liv och Hälsa (no grant number) http://www.livochhalsa.fi The Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters (no grant number) https://scientiarum.fi/eng/ E.K.G: Kone Foundation (no grant number) https://koneensaatio.fi Regional Government of Amazonas, Peru (no grant number) Municipality of Chachapoyas (no grant number) The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
dc.identifier.citationGuevara, E. K., Palo, J. U., Översti, S., King, J. L., Seidel, M., Stoljarova, M., Wendt, F. R., Bus, M. M., Guengerich, A., Church, W. B., Guillén, S., Roewer, L., Budowle, B., & Sajantila, A. (2020). Genetic assessment reveals no population substructure and divergent regional and sex-specific histories in the Chachapoyas from northeast Peru. PloS one, 15(12), e0244497. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244497
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.issue12
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12503/31609
dc.identifier.volume15
dc.publisherPLOS
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244497
dc.rights.holder©2020 Guevara et al.
dc.rights.licenseAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourcePLoS One
dc.subject.meshArchaeology
dc.subject.meshBiodiversity
dc.subject.meshChromosomes, Human, Y / genetics
dc.subject.meshDNA, Mitochondrial / genetics
dc.subject.meshFemale
dc.subject.meshGene Flow
dc.subject.meshGenetic Markers
dc.subject.meshGenetics, Population
dc.subject.meshHistory, 15th Century
dc.subject.meshHistory, 16th Century
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshIndians, South American / genetics
dc.subject.meshMale
dc.subject.meshPopulation Dynamics / history
dc.subject.meshSex Factors
dc.subject.meshSouth America
dc.titleGenetic assessment reveals no population substructure and divergent regional and sex-specific histories in the Chachapoyas from northeast Peru
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.materialtext

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